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HUBS > Human movement and sensation - L16 > Flashcards

Human movement and sensation - L16 Flashcards

1
Q

What does our nervous system do>

A

Senses our environment (through sensory systmem) and provides an appropriate response to the stimulus

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2
Q

Maintaining homeostasis

A

Integration –> Co-ordination –> response
*Is the environment safe/dangerous
*Are there any challenges

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3
Q

What does the CNS consist of?

A

The brain and the spinal cord

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4
Q

What are the cells classes of the CNS?

A

Neurons and neuroglia

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5
Q

What does the PNS consists of?

A

Peripheral nerves and ganglia

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6
Q

What are the cells classes of the PNS?

A

Neurons and neuroglia

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7
Q

General features of neurons?

A

*Cells specialised in transmission of info
*4 morphological types

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8
Q

General features of neuroglia?

A

*Supports neurons and not involved in the transmission of info
*5 types - 4 in CNS, 1 in the PNS
*Each type has a specific function

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9
Q

What are the structural components of neurons

A

*Dendrites
*Cell bodies
*Axons
*Axon terminals

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10
Q

Dendrites

A

*Receives info from other neurons and passes it down to the cell body

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11
Q

Cell body

A

*Receives info, holds and integrates it
*Control centre of the cell

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12
Q

Axon

A

*Transmits info in the form of an AP - electrical impulse over a long distance
*May or may not be myelinated

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13
Q

Axon terminals

A

*End of axon
*Neurotransmitter release to another cell

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14
Q

How are neurons usually arranged?

A

In a row

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15
Q

In the CNS, groups of cell bodies are called?

A

Nucleus pl. Nuclei
*Neurons with the same function

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16
Q

In the CNS, bundles of axons are called?

A

Tracts

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17
Q

In the CNS, groups of cell bodies in cerebral cortex and spinal cord is called?

A

Grey matter

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18
Q

In the CNS, bundles of axons in cerebral cortex and spinal cord is called?

A

White matter

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19
Q

Groups of cell bodies in the PNS

A

Ganglia

20
Q

bundles of axons in the PNS

A

Nerve

21
Q

What is the input zone?

A

Cell body and dendrites
*Receives chem signals from other neurons

22
Q

Summation zone

A

Axon hillock
*Where all the info gets collected and a “decision” is made

23
Q

Conduction zone

A

Axon that can be quite long
*Carries electrical signals

24
Q

Output zone

A

Axons terminals
*Releases neurotrans
*Contacts other neurons or effectors

25
Q

Why are there different shapes for neurons?

A

They are specialised for different tasks

26
Q

4 basic types of neurons

A

*Multipolar
*Bipolar
*Unipolar
*Anaxonic

27
Q

Multipolar

A

Multiple processes (axon or dendrites) from the cell body

28
Q

Bipolar

A

Two processes from cell body

29
Q

Unipolar

A

One single process that then branch to form input and output zones

30
Q

Anaxonic

A

All processes look alike and dont have a specific process (axon)

31
Q

Glial cells of the CNS

A

*Astrocytes
*Oligodendrocytes
*Microglia
*Ependymal cells

32
Q

Astrocytes

A

*Star shaped cells
*Supply nutrients to neurons
*Go to site of injury and help neurons to survive the injury
Ensheath blood capillaries

33
Q

Microglia

A

*Immune cells
*Patrol and engulf microorganisms and debris

34
Q

Ependymal cells

A

*Line fluid filled spaces of brain
*cillia move the CSF

35
Q

Oligodendrocytes

A

*Support nerve fibres
*Manufacture myelin sheath

36
Q

Glial cells in the PNS

A

Shwann cell

37
Q

Shnwann cell

A

*ensheaths axon with myelin
*Plasma mem wrapped around axon
*Multiple cells around axon
*Support PNS nerves

38
Q

What is myelin?

A

Phospholip sheath (plasma mem) around the axon

39
Q

What does myelin do?

A

Increases conduction velocity

40
Q

Gap between shwann cells

A

Nodes of Ranvier

41
Q

What is a synapse?

A

Output of one neuron and an input zone of another neuron
*release of neurotrans)

42
Q

Neuron before synapse

A

presynaptic neuron output zone
*Has synaptic vesicles that carry neurotrans

43
Q

Neuron after synapse

A

Postsynaptic neuron (input zone)
*Receives neurotans

44
Q

How does info changes as its passed?

A

Elecrical –> chemical –> electrical

45
Q

Space between synapse?

A

Synaptic cleft

46
Q

Info that goes into brain

A

Afferent (Away from body)
*Ascending

47
Q

Info that goes out of brain

A

Efferent
*Descending

HUBS (27 decks)

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