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HUBS > Human movement and sensation - L20 > Flashcards

Human movement and sensation - L20 Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the spinal cord begin?

A

It begins at the base of the skull, at a place called the foramen magnum (big hole)

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2
Q

Where does the spinal cord end?

A

At Lumbar 1 (Big process)

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3
Q

Where is the spinal cord found?

A

Runs through the spinal canal

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4
Q

What covers the spinal cord around the spinal canal

A

The sacs made of meninges (meningeal sac)

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5
Q

What is between the bone and the meningeal sac?

A

Fat that acts as a cushion

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6
Q

What part of the vertebrae are at the back and front?

A

Back - spinous process
Front - Body

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7
Q

Where does the meningeal sac and spinal canal extend to?

A

To the coccygeal vertebrae as the spinal nerves grow till there

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8
Q

What is in the meningeal sac?

A

Gel like fluid called the Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

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9
Q

Why are there two structures to support the spinal cord at the end?

A

The end is wavy and we don’t want the spinal cord to move around so there is the Conus Medularis and the Filum Terminale

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10
Q

Conus Medularis

A

*Cone shaped non-neuronal tissue that is the attatchment point for Filum Terminale

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11
Q

Filum Terminale

A

*Terminal Filament
*From Conus Medularis to end of spinal cavity and meningeal sac
*Stabilises and anchors the spinal cord
*Fibrous, non-neuronal tissue

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12
Q

How many segments of the spinal cord?

A

31
C- 8 pairs of spinal nerves
T - 12 pairs
L - 5 pairs
S - 5 pairs
C - 1 pair

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13
Q

What are spinal nerves?

A

Exit points from the vertebra

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14
Q

Where does C1 spinal nerves exit?

A

Between the skull and C1 vertebra

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15
Q

What is special about C8 spinal nerve?

A

It doesn’t have an associated vertebra, exits above? C7

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16
Q

What is different about the top lumbar spinal nerves

A

Some originate from the T vertebrae region and the spinal nerves have to grow all the way from the spinal cord to their corresponding vertebrae to exit.

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17
Q

How are spinal nerves named?

A

By the vertebrae they exit below

18
Q

What is the collection of long nerves at the end of the spinal cord?

A

Cauda Equina

19
Q

What is at the posterior of the spinal cord?

A

The posterior median sulcus

20
Q

What is at the anterior of the spinal cord?

A

The anterior median fissure

21
Q

Butterfly structure?

A

Grey matter made of cell bodies, found in the SC and the cerebral cortex, forms the dorsal, lateral and ventral horns

22
Q

Stuff around butterfly?

A

White matter, made of myelinated axons, appears white due to the myelin being made of fat
*forms the dorsal, ventral and lateral COLUMNS.

23
Q

Dorsal part of spinal cord has:

A

Dorsal nerve root that connects to the dorsal root ganglion and extends to form the spinal nerve

Sensory i.e afferent region from PNS to CNS

24
Q

Anterior part of spinal cord has:

A

Motor i.e efferent region from CNA to PNS

Ventral nerve root

25
Q

Where are the somatic motor efferent neurons?

A

Lower motor neurons, in the ventral horn

26
Q

Where are the autonomic efferent neurons and somatic visceral neurons?

A

In the lateral horn

27
Q

What happens if theres damage to the ventral horn?

A

Paralysis of the muscles as motor neurons can’t carry out info to muscles

28
Q

Flow of afferent info into brain

A

*Cell bodies of sensory neurons are in dorsal root ganglion
* Input zone in body associates with receptors for sensory stimulus
* Output zone enters the spinal cord through

29
Q

What kind of neurons are sensory neurons?

A

Unipolar neurons with a singular process which then splits into one input and one output zone

30
Q

If there was damage to dorsal side?

A

No incoming info of the things around us, loss of sensation

31
Q

What are spinal nerve info pathways?

A

Two ways like a motorway i.e both efferent and afferent i.e the spinal nerve splits

32
Q

What does the dorsal ramus do?

A

Afferent and Efferent info from and to back

33
Q

Ventral ramus

A

Afferent and Efferent info from and to the front

34
Q

Rami communicans

A

Has to do w sympathetic nervous system
*only present at thoracolumbar level T1 - L2
*short axon to sympathetic chain ganglia on either side of vertebral column

35
Q

What are axons covered with?

A

Endoneurium

36
Q

Preganglionic nerve of PNS

A

Myelinated and unmyelinated for postganglionic

37
Q

Buncles of axons

A

Fasicle w perineurium

38
Q

Bundles of fasicles

A

nerve covered with epineurium

39
Q

Bundles of axons in the CNS

A

Called tracts

40
Q

Where are the rami communicans present

A

Present in spinal nerves T1-L2, Axons of autonomic symp nerves

HUBS (27 decks)

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