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HUBS > L30 - Immune system > Flashcards

L30 - Immune system Flashcards

1
Q

Immunology

A

Study of an organisms defense system in health and disease

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2
Q

What is the immune system?

A

Organised system of organs, cells and molecules to defend the body against pathogens and fight disease

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3
Q

Primary immune organs

A

Bone marrow and Thymus

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4
Q

When immune system gets too excited?

A

Allergy, Asthma

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5
Q

Autoimmunity

A

Immunity against yourself eg Diabites, Arthritis, multiple sclerosis

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6
Q

How does the immune system fight cancer

A

Identifies Cancer cells as they look different, treatments helps immune system along with Radiation and chemotherapy

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7
Q

What is a pathogen

A

A disease causing organism

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8
Q

2 arms of the immune system

A

*Innate
*Adaptive

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9
Q

What do immune cells do?

A

Secrete molecules, sends signals

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10
Q

Biggest killers

A

SARS, TB, Malaria, HIV/AIDS

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11
Q

What are microbes?

A

Small organisms that can cause disease, some microbes are pathogens

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12
Q

What are viruses

A

RNA with a protein coat, needs a host cell to replicate

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13
Q

Protozoa

A

Like worms

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14
Q

What is the lymphatic system

A

Moving immune cells around body and connecting lymp organs

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15
Q

2º lymp organs

A

Where immune cells get activated –> spleen, tonsils and lymph nodes

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16
Q

Bone marrow

A

Source of stem cells that develop into cells of innate and adaptive arm, Where white blood cells are made

17
Q

Thymus

A

Some immature cells from bone marrow develop into mature T cells
*Learn to not attack self otherwise killed
*Recognise pathogens
*only 10% become mature T cells

18
Q

Spleen

A

Filters blood, site of immune response through blood

19
Q

Lymph nodes

A

Armpit, groin, throat, chin
located along lymp vessels –> takes lymphatic fluid from tissue and filter and recirculate into blood, site of immune response FOR TISSUE

20
Q

3 layers of difense

A

Moat - chem and physical barriers
Inner wall - innate arm, fast acting
Inner inner wall - Adaptive

21
Q

Physical barrier

A

Skin and mucosal surfaces

22
Q

Skin

A

*Outside is mostly dead cells + keratin (Epidermis)
*Lose every 2-4 weeks - pathogens all fall off if found on this layer
*Band of live cells under with dendritic cells, thick layer of connective tissue + blood vessels + phagocytic cells (Dermis)

23
Q

Dendritic cell

A

*Long arms to interact with other cells

24
Q

Phagocytes

A

Eats things

25
Q

Chemical defense

A

*Skin cells produce antimicrobial peptides called defensins that poke a hole/pore in bacteria –> leeches contents
*Skin also produces Lysosyme to break down bacterial cells wall
*Sebaceous glands - hair follicles –> sebum - low pH i.e v acidic
*Sweat glands - salty, hypertonic environment –> dessicates the microbes

26
Q

Mucous membranes

A

*1-2 layer
*Top layer has thin layer of mucus - traps mircobes
*Epitheleal is tightly packed - hard for microvbes to get in
*Goblet cells produce the mucus
*Exposed to air and inside parts, hurts because they are tightly packed live cells
*Constantly renewed

27
Q

Where are the mucosal mems

A

Urogenital tract, gastrointestinal, eyes - exposed to air

28
Q

Mucocillary escalator

A

The cillia - hair like projections move the mucus by beating together in unison to the pharynx to expel it or to swallow it

29
Q

What does smoking do

A

Stops the cillia from beating by parylysing it - unable to expel the pathogens and debris

30
Q

Stomach

A

Very low pH

31
Q

Gall bladder

A

Bile - very toxic

32
Q

Digestive tracts

A

Digestive enzymes that degrades and kills

33
Q

Where are lysozymes are found

A

*Urine
*Tears

34
Q

Where is cillia present?

A

Uterine tract and trachea

35
Q

Innate immunity (broad response)

A

SURFACE BARRIERS
*Skin
*Mucous membranes

INTERNAL DEFENSES
*Phagocytes - eats things
*Natural killer cells - kills bacterial and cancer cells
*Inflammatory molecules - causes blood flow
*Antimicrobial peptides
*Fever

Cells are already ready to start acting, theyre at the site or can travel quickly to the site

36
Q

Adaptive immunity (specific, more powerful against one thing)

A
  • B cells - memory cells, changes receptors to a specific pathogen and respond effectively
  • T cells that mediate cellular immunity - changes molecules they produce to respond to pathogen
    *Specific memory - can remember a specific infection and has defense in place for that if a second invasion occurs - we sometimes won’t even know
37
Q

Cons of innate

A

-Limited specificity, cant tell diff between the pathogen
-General response - innate memory, better response to a similar stimulus
-Receptors dont change

HUBS (27 decks)

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