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Human Resource Management Flashcards

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1
Q

organisational chart

A

diagram that shows hierarchy in a business

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2
Q

what 3 things does an organisation chart show

A

responsibility
line managers
progression opportunities

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3
Q

span of control

A

no. of subordinates a manager is responsible for

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4
Q

advantages of narrow span of control

A

manager spend more time giving specific and direct instructions

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5
Q

disadvantages of narrow span of control

A

staff feel ‘watched’

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6
Q

advantages of wide span of control

A

independence

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7
Q

disadvantages of wide span of control

A

manager lose control

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8
Q

what does the effectiveness of the span of control depend on

A

skills of subordinates
size of business
manager

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9
Q

chain of command

A

way in which responsibility is organised

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10
Q

line relationships

A

vertical

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11
Q

staff relationships

A

horizontal between manager and other organisational member

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12
Q

de-layering

A

reducing no. of levels

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13
Q

advantages of de-layering

A

reduce cost
employees more responsibility
faster communication

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14
Q

disadvantages of de-layering

A

employees not as good independently
redundancy payment
morale

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15
Q

delegation

A

responsibility for a task is passed to someone else

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16
Q

empowerment

A

given power to job e.g authority to make decisions

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17
Q

centralised structure

A

authority+decision making firmly at top of hierarchy

senior managers

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18
Q

decentralised structure

A

decision making spread out

junior managers, individual business units

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19
Q

benefits of centralisation

A

quicker decisions

easier to co-ordinate +control

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20
Q

drawbacks of centralisation

A

local/junior managers closer to customers

lack of flexibility;customer service

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21
Q

benefits of decentralisation

A

decisions made closer to customer

facilitates empowerment

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22
Q

drawbacks of decentralisation

A

harder to ensure consistent practices

diseconomies of scale-duplication of roles

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23
Q

characteristics of a flat structure

A

wide span control
delegation
responsibilty

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24
Q

characteristics of tall structures

A

narrow span of control

direct control

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25
reasons for a tall structure
clear line communication | shows strong leadership
26
reasons for a flat structure
teamwork better communication leaner/lower costs
27
organisation by product
each product 'mini company' own departments e.g finance+HR
28
organisation by function
arranged into specialist areas e.g finance | each department has input into the business output
29
advantages of organisation by product
easy to see which products are performing autonomy=motivating teams see direct results
30
disadvantages of organisation by product
different products compete for resources | duplication of departments
31
advantages of organisation by functiontion
specialists can share ideas with eachother | less duplication
32
disadvantages of organisation by function
conflict over budgets | communication between departments over same product sowed down
33
organised by division
geographically organised
34
matrix structure
work across teams+ products aswell in their own department | have multiple managers
35
advantages of matrix structure
maximum use of resources | develop teamwork
36
disadvantages of matrix structure
confusion if given different instructions | difficult to maintain balance
37
aims
long term overall
38
objectives
short term measurable
39
HR objectives
how workforce can help to achieve objectives and consequently the aim
40
why are human resource management objectives important to the future success of the business
people affect every aspect of organisation people most valuable asset without management of people business would be hindered
41
why does a business need clear HR objectives
employee know action need to take focused+no confusion motivation compare progress
42
organisational culture
collection of values+behaviour which unique to environment of the organisation
43
how can organisational culture be seen
dress code, office layout, technology
44
non tangible aspects of organisational culture
vision and values
45
factors affecting organisational culture
values vision behaviour of managers+employees physical indicators
46
impacts of poor culture
``` uncomfortable customers dont feel safe labour turnover can't fill vacancies legal issues ```
47
why is effective communication important
less mistakes quick decision motivated staff
48
verbal communication
use of auditory language e.g speaking (includes writing)
49
non verbal communication
through non verbal of physical cue e.g facial expression
50
communication media
how message is imparted to receiver
51
give examples of communication media
tv text message email notice board
52
advantages of written communication
record re-read tech=quick
53
disadvantages of written communication
can't check for received immediately virus in tech might go into spam
54
advantages of face to face communication
check understood | emphasise importance tone of voice
55
disadvantages of face to face communication
lots of listeners- can't hear | no record
56
formal communication
take place using agreed rules and procedures e.g board meeting
57
informal communication
those that aren't based on any set measures e.g conversations in staff rooms
58
methods of communication
verbal, non verbal, informal, formal
59
three barriers to communication
technical semantic effectiveness
60
technical barrier to communication
ability of receiver/ sender to receive/send info
61
semantic barrier to communication
reciever's ability to understand what is being sent
62
effectiveness barrier to communication
whether info sent has been acted upon or not
63
group norms
rules or guidelines reflect expectations of how group members should act+interact
64
implicit norms
consistent behaviour | isn't always expressed/discussed
65
explicit norms
stated outright | orally/writing
66
individual objective
for single employee
67
group objectives
set for team
68
group communication
several senders/receivers | forma/informal groups (social/department)
69
impact of groups on communication
dominant employees take over | source is 'hijacked' +misrepresented
70
communication diagram
3 boxes=source,media,reciever arrows between=message arrows above=barrier big arrow=feedback
71
how can the source cause ineffective communication
poor vocab skills when explaining
72
how can the message cause ineffective communication
incomplete
73
how can the media cause ineffective communication
inappropriate medium
74
how can the reciever cause ineffective communication
not paying attention
75
how can the barrier cause ineffective communication
computer crash
76
how can feedback cause ineffective communication
isn't enough time, rushed feedback
77
usefulness of the communication model
easy to understand
78
limitations of the communication model
only works if accurate doesn't provide solutions only work if given enough time

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