Management Flashcards
1
Q
two members in the trait theory
A
Carlyle and Galton
2
Q
what are the 5 characteristics of Carlyle and Galton’s trait theory
A
motivated intelligent self confident creative integrity (problem solve/reasoning)
3
Q
which acronym is used to identify the five characteristics of carlyle and galton’s trait theory
A
MISCI
4
Q
flaws with Carlyle and Galton’s trait theory
A
no set of traits proven to be most important
research suggests can’t be taught `
5
Q
what are the four styles of leadership behaviour in Tannenbaum and Schmidt’s contingency approach
A
tell,sell,consult and participate
6
Q
in Tannenbaum and Schmidt’s contingency approach, what is tell equivalent to
A
autocratic
7
Q
what are the four sections of Blake and Mouton’s leadership grid
A
country club
team leader
impoverished
authoritarian
8
Q
in Blake and Mouton’s leadership grid what does being a country club leader mean
A
concerned more about well bbeing
productivity suffers
9
Q
in Blake and Mouton’s leadership grid what does being an impoverished leader mean
A
no concern for tasks or peoples needs
10
Q
how does a theory x leader view their employees
A
lazy
lack initiative
motivated by money
11
Q
how does a theory y leader view their employees
A
enjoy work
motivated not just by money
capable
12
Q
what is participate in Tannenbaum and Schmidt’s equivalent to
A
democratic leader
13
Q
what are the three factors in Adair’s three circles
A
team
task individual
14
Q
how is Adair’s theory different from Carlyle and Galton’s
A
focus on what leader does over skills
15
Q
benefits of Adairs model
A
simplistic
balance all 3
16
Q
drawbacks of Adair’s model
A
difficult for not to be conflict of interest
fail if not balanced
17
Q
how could a managers success be measured
A
ability to meet task deadlines quality of work achievement of targets labour turnover customer feedback
18
Q
what could prevent a manager from being successful
A
lack of co-or with other departments
budgets
competition
economy(recession)
19
Q
motivation
A
desire to act in certain way to achieve certain result
20
Q
morale
A
refers to ‘spirit’
21
Q
benefits of motivated workforce
A
commitment
business rep
change easier to implement
22
Q
name 3 non monetary methods of motivation
A
fear
praise
job enrichment
23
Q
job enrichment
A
extra responsibility
24
Q
Taylor’s motivational style
A
workers paid by piece rate
25
mayo's motivational style
psychological factors
| sense of responsibility is important to employees
26
McClelland's human motivation theory is also known as what
3 needs theory
27
what are the three needs in McClellend's three needs theory
achievement
affiliation
power
28
McClellend's three needs- achievement
need to accomplish goals
| likes regular feedback
29
McClellend's three needs- Affiliation
wants to belong to group
30
McClellend's three needs- power
wants control and influence
| enjoy winning
31
in McClellend's three needs theory, how does categorising employees help
know what feedback and praise to give
32
how would a manager motivate an employee driven by power (McClellend's)
train them for a leadership position
33
how would a manager motivate an employee driven by affiliation needs (McClellend's)
role that deals with customers over senior role where has to make decisions
34
how would a manager motivate an employee driven by high achievers (McClellend's)
allow them to do tasks independently
35
what is the problem with McClellend's theory
they have other needs aswell
| has to do it for every individual employee
36
what Frederick Herzberg's theory called
two factor theory
37
what are Herzberg's two factors
hygiene
| motivational
38
define motivational factors
factors such as job enrichment, recognition and praise
39
define hygiene factors
factors- don't motivate but without cause disatisfaction
40
give examples of hygiene factors
pay
| working conditions
41
what are the advantages of herzberg's two factor theory
apply to everyone
| easy to apply
42
what are the disadvantages of herzberg's two factor theory
some may see hygiene factors as motivational e.g pay
| hygiene factors can become demotivating e.g environment
43
whats vrooms expectancy theory equation
expectancyXinstrumentalityXValence
44
explain the idea behind vrooms expectancy theory
employees make choice to behave
| motivated by what they expect the result of choice will be
45
define expectancy
Does the individual believe they can achieve the task
46
instrumentality
belief if you perform well, you will receive the reward
47
valence
value thats placed on the reward on offer
48
what does vrooms research suggest
people have to believe they're able
| +will recieve the reward
49
what are each element of vrooms theory measured between
0 and 1
50
what number is expectancy is n employee feels like all tasks can be done
1
51
whats the managers role in vrooms theory
calculate motivation
reward has to be worth having
resources are in place
ensure targets are achievable
52
what are the advantages of vrooms expectancy theory
simple
identify area of need
applies financial+non financial
53
what are the disadvantages of vrooms expectancy theory
perception of effort varys per manager (inconsistent number)
time consuming
54
what are the 5 levels of maslows hierarchy of needs
```
physiological
safety
social
self esteem
self actualisation
```
55
what does the self esteem level of maslows hierarchy mean
seek respect of others
56
what does the self actualisation level of maslows hierarchy mean
personal growth
| achievement
57
how can physiological needs be fulfilled
pay cheque, free lunch
58
how can safety needs be fulfilled
security cameras, policies for bullying
59
how can social needs be fulfilled
sports, activities
60
how can self actualisation needs be fulfilled
training, special projects
61
what are the limitations of maslow's theory
some higher order needs might not have to be met at work
challenge to identify needs of every employee
needs not hiearchal for all employees
62
what did Drucker also refer to employees as
knowledge workers
63
what did Drucker think about organisational structure fo a business
should be decentralised and delayer much as poss
64
what did Drucker think about training
offer constant training
65
what was Drucker's theory called
management by objective
66
what are the limitations of drucker's theory
relies-good leadership+soft skills
| not all motivated by non-monetary methods
67
what are lockes 5 principles
clarity,challenge,feedback,commitment, task complexity
68
feedback
essential so progress can be gauged
69
limitations of lockes goal setting theory
focus too much on goal
neglect other role
monitoring+feedback=time consuming
don't achieve-demotivating
70
autocratic leader
full control of decision making
71
democratic leader
focus power with group
| leader has final say
72
paternalistic leader
has full control but explains why making certain decisions
73
laissez faire
little direction
| responsibility with group
74
what did Peters theory deal with
how an organization might gain commitment from employees
75
what did peters say about how employees should be treated
need to valued and empowered at all levels of business (Druckers idea)
76
9 motivational theorists
```
taylor
mayo
McClelland
Herzberg
vroom
maslow
drucker
locke
peters
```
77
6 leadership theories
```
Carlyle+Galton trait theory
Mcgregors XandY theory
Blake+Moutons managerial grid
Lewin's change model
Tannenbaum+schmidt
Adair's three circles
```
78
lewins 3 step change model
unfreeze
change
refreeze
79
trade union
organized association of workers in particular industry
| worked for things e.g maternity leave
80
what is the role of a trade union
negotiate on behalf of a group to get change
| collective bargaining
81
how would a trade union benefit its workers
job security
| working conditions
82
benefits of a trade union to a business
saves time+cost don't deal with individual cases
| support if business undergoing significant change
83
why has trade union membership decline
decline manufacturing
| flexible working hours- less need for protection
84
what action can trade unions take
strike action
overtime ban
work to rule
85
7 pieces of legislation which affect the relationship between employee and employer
```
minimum wage
health and safety
dismissal
grievance
data protection
equality
contracts of employment
```
86
what is a contract of employment also known as
statement of written particulars
87
what is a contract of employment
document containing main terms of employment e.g pay
| has to be done by law for employees
88
what will having a contract of employment prevent
disputes
89
employer-employee relations
relationship between management + employees at a national/local level
90
benefits of a positive employer-employee relationship
better communication
more respect
easier to implement change
91
3 negative impacts of poor employer-employee relationships
lack of motivation
bad communication
can't get employees on board with change
92
name some basis' people can be discriminated on
trade union membership
marital status
sexual orientation
93
discrimination
treat someone unfairly due to certain characteristics they posses
94
employee participation
employees have ability to participate in decision making process
95
industrial democracy
aka employee participation
96
benefits of employee participation
motivation
communication
quality of decisions
97
work councils
formal meeting of managers and employee representatives
| discuss pay,working conditions
98
what are work councils a form of
employee participation
99
functions of management
core activities which define the roles of managers
100
four functions of management
planning
organisation
directing
controlling
101
what does planning involve (functions of management)
individual decides what they want to achieve
102
what does organisation involve (functions of management)
arranging+taking action
103
what does directing involve (functions of management)
giving duties to employees
104
what does controlling involve (functions of management)
way manger ensures work is done
105
difference between a manger and a leader
manger-given a task and obeyed by subordinates
| leader-followed because gained respect
106
who's theory is x and y
Mcgregors
107
what is carlyle and galtons theory
trait theory
108
what is tannenbaum and schmidts theory
contigency approach
109
What is Taylor’s theory called
Scientific management
110
What is mayo’s theory called
Human relations
111
What is McClellends theory called
Three needs
112
What is herzbergs theory called
2 factors theory
113
What is Maslow theory called
Hierarchy of needs
114
What is vrooms theory called
Expectancy
115
What is drucker’s theory
Management by objective
116
What is lockes theory called
Goal setting
117
Summarise mayos theory
Workers motivated by have social needs met
Should work jn teams
Managers should have involvement
118
Summarise Taylor’s theory
Motivated by piece rate
| Don’t naturally enjoy work
119
Summarise peters theory
How organisation gains commitment
| People need to be valued+empowered on all levels
