The Workforce Flashcards
1
Q
redundancy
A
employer needs to reduce workforce so a position no longer exists
2
Q
dismissal
A
termination of contract of employment
3
Q
unfair dismissal
A
without valid reason
employer fails to follow proper procedure
4
Q
fair dismissal
A
with valid reason
proper procedure followed
5
Q
whistleblowing
A
evidence/’reasonably believes’ malpractice is occuring
bring to attention no fear of retribution
6
Q
when is on the spot dismissal fair
A
gross misconduct
gross negligence
7
Q
gross misconduct
A
unacceptable/improper behaviour of a very serious kind
e.g employee physically assaulting customer
8
Q
gross negligence
A
reckless disregard for safety of others
9
Q
dismissal procedure
A
verbal warning
written warning
final written warning
dismissal
10
Q
ACAS
A
advisory conciliation and arbitration service
offers impartial advice
mediator
11
Q
what are the 3 other types of fair dismissal
A
repeated poor conduct i.e lateness
incapacity i.e ill
capability- inability to do work required
12
Q
reasons for unfair dismissal
A
pregnancy,whistle blowing, trade union membership,discrimination
13
Q
grievance
A
employee has concern, complaint or problem
14
Q
employee tribunal
A
special type of court deals only with employment law
15
Q
what is the procedure for a grievance
A
verbally raise issue
formally in writing
consider tribunal action
16
Q
purpose of employment tribunal
A
prevents unfair practice
clear businesses of wrong doing
17
Q
what are the impacts of employment tribunals
A
time to prepare
legal costs
compensation costs
reputation damage
18
Q
appraisal
A
formal assessment of employees performance
19
Q
whats involved in an appraisal
A
strengths
targets
training needs
promotion+payment
20
Q
purposes of an appraisal
A
motivate staff
give focus
set a standard
record issues
21
Q
managerial appraisal
A
manager examines+evaluates managers performance
22
Q
Advantages of an appraisal
A
Expert input
Decisions about pay etc easier
23
Q
Disadvantages of an appraisal
A
Don’t work close enough for proper evaluation
One point of view
24
Q
Self assessment
A
Employees assess their own performance
Often Using tick sheet
25
Benefits of self assessment
Reflect on performance
| Less intimidating
26
Why could self assessments not be effective
Bias towards self
| Subjective
27
Why is a self assessment good before a managerial appraisal
Sets areas of focus
28
350 degree appraisal
Employee receives feedback from several people
| Better for a large business
29
Peer assessment
Appraisal carried out by a work colleague
30
Advantage of a 360 degree appraisal
Broader picture of performance
31
Disadvantage of 360 appraisal
To many conflicting targets
32
Advantage of peer assessment
Clear idea of your contribution
33
Disadvantage of peer assessment
Depends on staff relationship
| Could be overly positive/negative
34
3 reasons appraisals are ineffective
Inconsistent
Could be rushed
Lack of commitment from senior staff
35
3 ways an appraisal can be made more effective
Ensure manager commitment
Proper training on how to do it
Allow employees to comment on appraisal
36
Labour turnover
Number of employees who have left the business
37
Equation for labour turnover
No. Of employees leaving during year/av number employed that years X100
38
Absenteeism
Absent from work minor medical ailment
Upset stomach/headache
Can be authorised or un
39
Absenteeism equation
Total days absent in a month/ available working days in month X100
40
Equation for lateness
No. Of late arrivals/total no. Of schedule attendances C100
41
Workforce productivity
Output per employee over certain period of time
42
Workforce productivity equation
Output/av no. Of employees
43
How could labour turnover be decreased
Increase pay
| Job rotation
44
How can absenteeism be reduced
Strike system
| Offer longer holiday
45
How can lateness be decreased
Sign in system relating to pay
| Disciplinary procedures
46
How could workforce productivity be improved
Offering rewards
| Improving training
47
Benefits to employee of improving workforce performance
Job security
| Higher pay
48
Benefits to the business or improved performance
Productivity
| Reduce costs
49
Limitations of labour turnover, absenteeism etc figures
Hard to evaluate in isolation
Averages misleading
Relying on figures doesn’t identify the problem
50
Recruitment
Process of bringing new employees into business
51
Job description
Describes duties of worker
52
Person specification
Profile of type of person needed for the job
| E.g skills+qualifications
53
Internal recruitment
Fill vacancy with someone inside business
54
External recruitment
Fill vacancy wi someone from outside business
55
Advantages of internal recruitment
Cheaper and quicker
| People familiar how the business runs
56
Disadvantages of internal recruitment
No new ideas
| Limits number of applicants
57
Advantages of external recruitment
New ideas
| Larger pool of candidates
58
Disadvantages of external recruitment
```
Longer process
More expensive (advertise+interview)
```
59
Things included in a job advert
Location
Salary details
Job description
Contact details
60
6 ways a business can advertise a vacancy
```
Local newspaper
National newspaper
Specialist magazine
Own website
Word of mouth
Shop window
```
61
Advantage and disadvantage of local newspaper advertising
Low cost
| Limited audience
62
Advantage and disadvantage of advertising in a national newspaper
More expensive
| Ad on page with others, competing readers attention
63
Advantage and disadvantage advertising in specialists magazine
Readers likely to have experience
| More costly
64
Advantage and disadvantage of advertising on own website
Attract people who already have interest in business
| Not much exposure
65
Advantage and disadvantage of advertising through word of mouth
Free
| Can’t control message
66
Advantage and disadvantage of advertising by shop window
Variety of people see
| No impact on see for a few seconds
67
Why is an effective recruitment strategy important for a business
Saves time
| Improve business performance get the right candidate
68
Letters of application
Aka cover letter
Document sent with cv/ application form
Provides additional information
69
What should a letter of application be
Short
Formal
Relevant
70
Why is a cover letter useful (letter of application)
Highlight key point relevant to cv
Recruiter knows what to look for when reading cv
Shows effort
71
Psychometric testing
Assesses capabilities (intelligence)
Aptitude (skills)
If your personality fits with the business
72
3 types of tests
Psychometric testing
Scenario tests
Written tests
73
Advantages of testing
See if fit with organisation
| Responses lees like to impacted by nerves (written tests)
74
Disadvantages of testing
Give answers think employer is looking for rather than their own
75
What are interviews for
Find out to answers to particular question
| See if cv’s match them
76
Why would interviews not be effective
30 min interview doesn’t predict long term performance
Small sample or behaviour
Extroverts do better
77
Work trial
Trial day where candidate comes into the office to meet the team
78
Why are work trials useful
See if they would be working in the business
| Prevents hiring wrojtnpreomn
79
Why are work trials not always useful
Candidate will be trying to impress employer
| Not reflect how they’d actually behave
80
Training
Process or increasing the knowledge and skills of the workforce to enable them to perform jobs effectively
81
Benefits of training
Productivity
Engaged employees
Equips staff with skills to do job
Reduces wastage
82
Induction training
Aimed at introducing new employees to a business and its procedure
83
On the job training
Employees receive training while remaining in the work place
84
Advantages of on the job training
Employees are actually productive
| Learn whilst doing
85
Disadvantage of on the job training
Bad habits passed
| Potential disruption to production
86
off the job training
taken away from place of work to be trained
87
advantages of off the job training
learn from specialists
| wider range of skills
88
disadvantages of off the job training
expensive
| cover shifts
89
apprenticeship
long term development programme
| learn job skills through study and work
90
advantages of apprenticeships
earn income whilst learning
| practical+theoretical (variety)
91
disadvantages of apprenticeships
low pay whilst learning
| limit job opps- apprenticeships specific
92
holiday entitlement
min 28 days
| to reward effort, prevent leaving
93
selection
process of deciding which applicant to accept for the jobs
94
cv
document applicant designs providing details
personal details
educational history
95
references
summary from previous employer about the suitability of an applicant
96
methods of selection
```
cv
application form
letter of application
references
testing
interviews
work trials
```
97
advantages of CV
more freedom for candidates
| those with relevant cvs will send straight away
98
disadvantages of cv
hard direct compare formats different
| outside help
99
application form
designed by employer sent to applicant
| same info as a cv
100
advantages of application form
get all answers you want
directly compare
quick to look through
101
disadvantages of application form
doesn't show creativity
| applicants can't add extra info
102
academic training
theoretical knowledge and skills
103
vocational training
hands on applied skills e.g hairdressing
104
training needs analysis
identifying gap between current training+training needs so can be given skills
105
factors to consider in a training needs analysis (TNA)
how much it'll cost
who gets training
on/off job
what training includes
106
why are TNA's important
highlights issues
prioritise training needs
improve customer experience
107
zero hour contracts
contract where employer not obliged to provide minimum no. of hours
worker not obliged to accept work
108
advantages of zero hour contracts
leaner business
increase employment
flexible
109
disadvantages of zero hour contracts
wages low-lack of upward pressure
| anxiety for some workers- meet payments
110
remote working
employees work away from business premises
111
advantages of remote working
save time/money travelling
increase staff not space
less distractions
112
disadvantages of remote working
distracted
no social
might enjoy commute-reflect time
113
term time working
working hours mirror term time
114
benefits of term time working
easier for those with kids
115
time in lieu
work longer hours during busy period
| paid time off in compensation
116
benefit of time in lieu
don't pay workers overtime- higher cost
117
job sharing
share jobs on morning/afternoon basis day/day
118
benefit of job sharing
one job sharer absent least half jobs have been done
119
compressed hours
same total hours, shorter no. of days
120
annualized hours
total no. a year
| flexibility about when they're done
121
benefits of annualized hours
business use workforce when needed
122
benefits of compressed hours
increase productivity
123
flexi time
employees some choice over when they work their contracted hours
124
what do most flexi time schemes have
period when employees have to be there
| 'core time'
125
advantages of flexi time
base hours around kids
avoid busy commuting times
more freedom
126
disadvantages of flexi time
difficult to schedule meetings
disrupt communication
tension if only some workers get it
127
part time work
employment with less than 35 hours per week
128
impacts of part time work
easy to match labour with demand
communication disrupted
managers more work-appraisals
129
workforce planning
deciding how many and what type of workers are
130
what factors have to be considered when deciding the type of worker
```
age
skills
qualifications
experience
physical fitness
```
131
why is it important to get the right number of workers as well as type
meet customer needs
achieve business aims and objectives
financially efficient
avoid high staff turnover
132
methods of recruitment
Internal
| External
133
methods of training
```
on the job
off the job
induction
academic
vocational
apprenticeship
```
