hypersensitivity pneumonitis Flashcards

1
Q

what is hypersensitivity pneumonitis? What is it also known as?

A

Hypersensitivity reaction to organic molecules/antigenic materials

  • a.k.a. farmers lung/bird fanciers lung
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the pathophysiology of hypersensitivity pneumonitis?

A

Immune complex mediated combined type lll and type lV hypersensitivity reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why is it associated with upper zones?

A

the clearance is as efficient in apices compared to lung bases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are 3 risk factors of hypersensitivity pneumonitis?

bk, f, be

A
  • Bird keeping
  • farming
  • bioaerosols exposure
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are 5 presentations of acute hypersensitivity pneumonitis?

A, CTW, D, F, M

A
  • allergen exposure
  • crackles, tachypnoea, wheeze
  • dry cough
  • fever
  • myalgia (muscle pain)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are 2 presentations of chronic hypersensitivity pneumonitis?

A
  • allergen exposure
  • more than 6 weeks of insidious symptoms
    e.g. cough, dyspnoea, malaise, wheeze
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what 5 investigations are used for in hypersensitivity pneumonitis? what do they show?

C, C, D, L, S

A

CT scan
- chronic changes e.g. honeycomb and ground, glass appearance

chest x-ray
- chronic fibrosis changes

detailed exposure history

lymphocytes bronchoscopy

spirometry
- restrictive pattern

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What 3 treatments are used for hypersensitivity pneumonitis?

1 general, 1 acute, 1 chronic

A

Avoid triggers
e.g. bird keeping, farming

acute -> glucocorticoids

chronic -> glucocorticoids +/- immuno suppression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly