sarcoidosis Flashcards

1
Q

What is sarcoidosis?

A

Multisystem (e.g. heart, liver, kidneys) granulomatous disorder of unknown cause

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2
Q

What 2 types of people does sarcoidosis occur in?

A
  • Younger adults
  • patients with pathological background of type lV hypersensitivity reaction -> leading to granuloma formation
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3
Q

what 5 presentations are found in acute sarcoidosis?

A
  • Breathlessness
  • cough
  • fatigue
  • weight
  • erythema nodosum (red inflamed patches on shins etc.)
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4
Q

what 4 presentations are found in chronic sarcoidosis (features of pulmonary fibrosis)?

A
  • chronic breathlessness and cough,
  • clubbing
  • fine end inspiratory crackles
  • right heart failure
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5
Q

what 2 presentations will you find in extrapulmonary features of sarcoidosis?

A
  • Anterior uveitis (inflamed red eye)
  • arthralgia (joint pain)
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6
Q

what 4 presentations will you find in lotgren sydrome?

A
  • Arthralgia (ankle)
  • bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy
  • erythema nodosum
  • fever
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7
Q

What are 2 things are blood tests used to find in sarcoidosis?

A

Raised serum angiotension-converting enzyme (ACE) unique

  • hypercalcaemia in sarcoidosis
    -> due to uncontrolled synthesis of 1,2 5 – dihydroxyvitamin D3 by macrophages
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8
Q

what do you find a chest x ray with acute sarcoidosis?

A

bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy

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9
Q

What do you find in chronic sarcoidosis chest x-ray?

A

fibrosis

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10
Q

what do you exclude in a chest x-ray?

A

Tuberculosis

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11
Q

what else do you look for in a chest x-ray that has sarcoidosis?

RO

A

reticular opacities, especially in upper zones

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12
Q

why is spirometry used in sarcoidosis?

A
  • usually normal
  • might show obstructive/restrictive patterns non-car seat in the granuloma
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13
Q

what might a biopsy show in a sarcoidosis investigation?

A

non-caseating granuloma

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14
Q

what is glucocorticoids use for an sarcoidosis treatment?

A

Intolerable symptoms, lung disease or extrapulmonary symptoms

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15
Q

What is immuno suppression used for in sarcoidosis treatment?

A
  • steroid resistance
  • deteriorating symptoms
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