obstructive sleep apnoea Flashcards
what is obstructive sleep apnoea?
recurrent episodes of upper airway obstruction leading to apnoea (cessation of breathing) during sleep
what is obstructive sleep apnoea a combination of?
- muscle relaxation
- narrow pharynx
- obesity
describe the pathopysiology of osa:
-> repeated closure of upper airway
- causing snoring and oxygen desaturation during sleep
-> episodes of apnoea and/ or hypnoea (partial blocking of breathing)
-> frequent microarousals during sleep that affect the quality
what are the presentations of oba?
- daytime hypersomnolence
- episodes of stopped breathing
- heavy snoring
- morning headaches
- poor concentration
what are the risk factors of oba?
- alcohol
- acromegaly
-> overproduction of growth hormone by pituitary gland
-> abnormal growth of hands, face and feet - male
- obestiy
- smoking
what investigations are used to diagnose oba?
- clinical history and examination
- epworth questionnare
-> abnormal score is >11
what is polysomnography?
what are the results of a oba diagnosis?
overnight sleep study
five episodes of apnoea and/ or hypnoea per hour of sleep
how to measure oba severity? what are the scores?
desaturation rate
apnoea-hypnoea index (AHI)
normal: 0-5
mild: 5-15
moderate: 15-30
severe: 30
what is the conservative treatment?
identify exacerbating factors
- alcohol avoidance
- weight reduction
what is the medical treatment?
CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) or…
mandibular repositioning splint
endocrine disorder treatment for hypothyroidism, acromegaly etc.