obstructive sleep apnoea Flashcards

1
Q

what is obstructive sleep apnoea?

A

recurrent episodes of upper airway obstruction leading to apnoea (cessation of breathing) during sleep

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2
Q

what is obstructive sleep apnoea a combination of?

A
  • muscle relaxation
  • narrow pharynx
  • obesity
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3
Q

describe the pathopysiology of osa:

A

-> repeated closure of upper airway
- causing snoring and oxygen desaturation during sleep

-> episodes of apnoea and/ or hypnoea (partial blocking of breathing)

-> frequent microarousals during sleep that affect the quality

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4
Q

what are the presentations of oba?

A
  • daytime hypersomnolence
  • episodes of stopped breathing
  • heavy snoring
  • morning headaches
  • poor concentration
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5
Q

what are the risk factors of oba?

A
  • alcohol
  • acromegaly
    -> overproduction of growth hormone by pituitary gland
    -> abnormal growth of hands, face and feet
  • male
  • obestiy
  • smoking
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6
Q

what investigations are used to diagnose oba?

A
  • clinical history and examination
  • epworth questionnare
    -> abnormal score is >11
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7
Q

what is polysomnography?
what are the results of a oba diagnosis?

A

overnight sleep study

five episodes of apnoea and/ or hypnoea per hour of sleep

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8
Q

how to measure oba severity? what are the scores?

A

desaturation rate
apnoea-hypnoea index (AHI)

normal: 0-5
mild: 5-15
moderate: 15-30
severe: 30

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9
Q

what is the conservative treatment?

A

identify exacerbating factors
- alcohol avoidance

  • weight reduction
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10
Q

what is the medical treatment?

A

CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) or…

mandibular repositioning splint

endocrine disorder treatment for hypothyroidism, acromegaly etc.

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