Hypertension - Gosmanova Flashcards
What is the bp range in prehypertension?
120-139
80-89
What is the bp range in stage 1 hypertension?
140-159
90-99
What is the bp range in STage 2 htn?
> 160
> 100
What perecentage of htn is primary? when is its onset?
90%
40-50s
What percentage of htn is secondary? who gets it?
10%
less than 30 yo or greater than 50 yo
Does genetics play a factor in HTN?
yes, 70-80% have positive family history
What have the biggest effects on HTN?
stress and lifestyle
What is the formula for Mean Arterial Pressure?
CO X SVR
What does “hypertension follows the kidney” mean?
a normotensive person who receives a kidney transplant from someone with htn will develop htn. also the reverse is true, with htn pts getting good kidneys developing good bp
What is guyton’s theory of long-term bp control?
bp and sodium homeostasis are related through the mechanism of pressure natriuresis. When perfusion pressure increases, renal sodium output increases and ecf and bv contract by an amt sufficient to return arterial blood pressure to baseline
Explain pressure natriuresis.
Increase BP leads to decreased blood volume leads to decreased bp
changes in Na excretion in talh occur without decreased gfr
What is the difference in the effect of arterial pressure in a normal kidney vs abnormal in terms of na excretion?
a normal kidney only needs a slight change in arterial pressure to increase na excretion. an abnormal kidney requires a bigger change to cause increased na excretion (leaving the person with a chronic elevated bp)
What is the role of salt in htn?
a low sodium diet leads to no htn. htn is almost non-existent in rural populations wo much salt intake.
shows that htn is hugely diet based
not everyone who consumes a lot of salt develops htn. why?
those that do frequently have salt-sensitivity, increasing in bp on a high salt diet and decreasing bp with low salt diet.
what population has been deemed largely salt sensitive?
african americans
50% of htn individuals are salt sens
