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OU Practice Fall 2018 > ID ADE and counseling > Flashcards

ID ADE and counseling Flashcards

(52 cards)

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1
Q

PCN

A
  • Complete entire course of therapy
  • Drink ample fluids
  • Report persistent diarrhea (Concern for pseudomembranous colitis)
  • Pregnancy category B
  • ADE: nausea, diarrhea, HIVES, RASH
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2
Q

Veetids

A

• Take on empty stomach with water

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3
Q

Pfizerpen-G

A

• Pearls: Very short half-life, so must dose frequently or give by continuous infusion

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4
Q

Dicloxacillin

A

• Take on empty stomach with water

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5
Q

Nafcillin

A

• Pearls: Short half-life; q4h dosage interval, largely eliminated by the liver

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6
Q

Amoxil

A
  • Take extended release formulation within 1 hour of finishing a meal
  • Shake suspension well before use; may be mixed with formula, milk, fruit juice, or other cold drinks
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7
Q

Augmentin/XR/ES

A
  • Take with food to decrease GI effects
  • Drink water after chewable tablets
  • Augmentin ES suspension does not taste very good
  • ADE: diarrhea, hepatic dysfunction
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8
Q

Cephalosporins

A
  • Complete entire course of therapy
  • Drink ample fluids
  • Report persistent diarrhea (Concern for pseudomembranous colitis)
  • Pregnancy category B
  • ADE: Nausea, diarrhea, RASH
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9
Q

Ancef (cefazolin)

A

• Pearl: Good alternative to anti-staphylococcal penicillins (i.e. nafcillin), except in CNS infections

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10
Q

Keflex (cephalexin)

A

• Take on empty stomach

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11
Q

Ceftin (cefuroxime)

A
  • Take the suspension with food
  • Bitter taste
  • Tablets are without regard to meals
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12
Q

Omnicef (cefdinir)

A
  • Avoid antacids / iron within 2 hours

* ADE: Discolored stools (red)

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13
Q

Rocephin (ceftriaxone)

A
  • Pearls: Dosed once daily except for meningitis and enterococcal endocarditis (q12 hours), High biliary elimination, so no renal dose adjustment needed
  • ADE: Biliary sludging, Hyperbilirubinemia in infants / neonates
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14
Q

Maxipime (cefepime)

A

• Pearl: Often used as an alternative to piperacillintazobactam in cases of mild penicillin allergy when anti-pseudomonal activity is needed

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15
Q

Teflaro (ceftaroline)

A

• Dose adjust for CrCl < 50 ml/min

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16
Q

Carbapenems

A

• Will all need renal adjustments
• ADE: GI, rash, SEIZURES (imipenem greatest risk)
- Risk factors for seizures- renal impairment, CNS disease
• Pregnancy category B except for imipenem which is a category C

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17
Q

Primaxin (imipenem / cilastatin)

A
  • Renally adjust for CrCl < 90 mL/min
  • Cilastatin inhibits dehydropeptidase and keeps the toxic product from forming (imipenem gets metabolized to nephrotoxic product in the kidney by dehydropeptidase)
  • ADE: Most likely carbapenem to cause seizures
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18
Q

Invanz (ertapenem)

A
  • Renally adjust for CrCl <= 30 mL/min

* Once daily dosing convenient for home infusion therapy

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19
Q

Merrem (meropenem

A
  • Renally adjust for CrCl < 50 mL/min

* Pearl: Extended interval dosing (3 hour infusion) may be used for extremely resistant Gram (-) organisms

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20
Q

Macrolide

A

• Complete entire course of therapy
• Although erythromycin and azithromycin best absorbed on empty stomach, take with food or milk if GI upset
• Pregnancy category B
• ADE: GI UPSET, nausea, cramping, diarrhea, Rare hepatotoxicity (mostly telithromycin), QTc prolongation
- For QTc prolongation, Erythromycin (worst) > clarithromycin > azithromycin (least likely)

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21
Q

Erythromycin / Ery-tab

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Food or milk if GI upset

* Swallow delayed release capsule and enteric coated tablet whole

22
Q

Biaxin / Biaxin XL (clarithromycin)

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A
  • Take XL dosage form with food to increase absorption

* Regular tablets without regard to food

23
Q

Zithromax / Zmax (azithromycin)

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Take without regard to meals

* Pearl: Biliary excretion / long half-life

24
Q

Ketek (telithromycin)

Study These Flashcards
A
  • Report severe / persistent diarrhea or fainting

* ADE: diarrhea, nausea

25
Fluoroquinolones
• Complete entire course of therapy • Drink ample fluids to maintain urine flow • Avoid antacids and iron products within hours prior to or after administration • ADE: Nausea, diarrhea, headache, sun photosensitivity, QTc prolongation - For QTc prolongation, Moxifloxacin (worst) > levofloxacin > ciprofloxacin (least)
26
Baxdela (delafloxacin)
* IV dose adjustment for CrCl < 30 mL/min | * No effects on QTc interval observed in study of 51 healthy subjects
27
Tetracyclines
* Take on empty stomach; food decreases absorption; can take with food if cannot tolerate taking it on an empty stomach * No antacids, iron or dairy within 2 hours * Avoid prolonged sunlight (except with minocycline) * Pregnancy category D (avoid unless benefit > risk) * ADE: Nausea, diarrhea, Photosensitivity (all except minocycline)
28
Minocin (minocycline)
• ADE: can cause vertigo
29
Bactrim
* Empty stomach with ample water (especially to prevent crystalluria) * Avoid prolonged exposure to sunlight * ADE: Photosensitivity, acute kidney injury (crystalluria), diarrhea, rash, hyperkalemia
30
Macrobid / Macrodantin (nitrofurantoin)
* Take with food (increases absorption and helps with nausea) * May cause small incidence of urine discoloration (brown) * ADE: NAUSEA, diarrhea, headache * Rare: peripheral and optic neuropathy; hepatic rxns
31
Monurol (fosfomycin)
• ADE: headache, dizziness, GI upset
32
Flagyl (metronidazole)
* Take with food or milk (to help with GI upset) * Avoid alcohol during and 24 hours after therapy * ADE: Nausea, diarrhea, cramping, metallic taste, seizure risk
33
Metrogel-Vaginal (metronidazole)
* Avoid intercourse during therapy * Avoid alcohol during and 24 hours after therapy * ADE: Candida superinfection
34
Dificid (fidaxomicin)
* Emphasize adherence (typically takes 10 days to see effect) * ADE: Nausea / GI discomfort
35
Rifampin
* Take 1 hour before or 2 hours after food (empty stomach) * Soft contact lenses may become permanently stained * ADE: Red / orange discoloration of secretions/urine, potential for hepatotoxicity
36
Bactroban (mupirocin)
* Apply small amount to affected area(s) but do not rub in * Do not use nasal ointment with other nasal medications * ADE: Topical irritation; nasal ointment may cause headache, rhinitis, congestion
37
Vancocin (vancomycin)
* ADE: Concern for nephro- and ototoxicity/phlebitis (IV) | * Monitor: Trough concentration 30 minutes before 4th dose
38
Vibativ (telavancin)
* Dose adjust for CrCl < 50 ml/min * ADE: Potential for nephrotoxicity/increase in serum creatinine * Infusion-related reactions similar to vancomycin
39
Cubicin (daptomycin)
* ADE: Myopathy / rhabdomyolysis * Monitor: for myopathy, Creatine kinase (CK) concentrations weekly * Pearl: Deactivated by pulmonary surfactant; therefore, CANNOT be used to treat pneumonia, Renal adjustments needed
40
Cleocin (clindamycin)
* Report diarrhea promptly to the physician * Take with a full glass of water * ADE: Nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhea
41
Zyvox (linezolid)
* ADE: Bone marrow suppression (> 2 weeks therapy), Peripheral and optic neuropathy (> 28 days therapy), Serotonin syndrome * Monitor: Weekly CBC if on extended duration of therapy
42
Diflucan (fluconazole)
• ADE: nausea, hepatotoxicity, QTc prolongation
43
Sporanox (itraconazole)
* Take capsule / tablet with food and / or acidic beverage; avoid antacids * Take solution on an empty stomach * ADE: Nausea, rash, headache, edema, hepatotoxicity, QTc prolongation
44
Ketoconazole
* Take with food and/or acidic beverage; avoid antacids * Surveillance for hepatic adverse effects * ADE: nausea, skin irritation (if applied topically) * Monitor: LFT’s * Don’t bother learning dose on this one; will not test over it; we don’t use this often
45
Nystatin
* ADE: Local irritation, but generally well-tolerated | * DO know topical dosing for this
46
Griseofulvin
* Take with a fatty meal to increase absorption * Renal, hepatic and blood cell monitoring may be needed for prolonged therapy (leukopenia can happen over time) * ADE: Skin rash / urticaria, nausea, photosensitivity
47
Lamisil (terbinafine)
* Take with food * Monitor: for signs of liver dysfunction or rash * ADE: Diarrhea, dyspepsia; RASH (with oral use), Local irritation (topical)
48
Zovirax (acyclovir)
* Drink ample fluids | * ADE: Nausea, vomiting (oral administration), nephrotoxicity, CNS toxicity (seizure, confusion, etc)
49
Valtrex (valacyclovir)
* Drink ample fluids | * ADE: Headache, nausea, diarrhea, fatigue, CNS
50
Famvir (famciclovir)
* Drink ample fluids | * ADE: Headache, nausea, diarrhea, fatigue (causes headache and nausea more than the first two anti-virals)
51
Tamiflu (oseltamivir)
* Start within 2 days of symptom onset if used for treatment | * ADE: Nausea, vomiting, headache
52
Natroba (spinosad)
• How to apply: - For topical application only - Shake suspension well - Cover dry scalp and dry hair - Leave on for 10 minutes then rinse thoroughly with warm water - Observe for additional live lice after 7 days - Adjunct lice management information applies • ADE: Application site redness / irritation

OU Practice Fall 2018 (17 decks)

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