IDMM Week 5 Lectures Flashcards
(50 cards)
Provincial level health bodies in Canada
Ministry of health
BC CDC
Provincial Lab
Regional health bodies in Canada
5 Regional Health Authorities
First Nations Health Authority
Provincial Health Services Authority
Describe a paradigm for infection control
Agent-Host-Environment triangle as methods for prevention and control
Targets for improved Public Health at the host level
- immunobiologics (vaccines)
- Passive antibody treatment–rabies immune globin
- improving general health–nutrition, rest
- chemoprophylaxis–antimalarial drugs
- treatment to prevent progression to active disease–HIV Tx
- Prevention behaviours–sexual, drug use, eating
- Measures for infected persons–isolation, quarantine, activity, etc.
Targets for inactivation of infectious agent
- Physical methods: heat, cold, radiation, cleaning
2. Chemical methods–chlorination, disinfection, sterilization
Targets for Public Health in the environment
- Sanitation–water, food, feces
- Engineering measures–design of facilities, bed nets
- Administrative measures–cleaning protocols
What is primary prevention
prevention before acquisition of disease/illness/infection (immunization)
What is secondary prevention
prevention for those who have the disease/illness/infection but before apparent/aware of illness (i.e screening for Hep B in pregnancy)
What is tertiary prevention
prevention of those with known disease to prevent complications/progression/spread (ie HAART in HIV)
INfectivity
infected/#exposed
Pathogenicity
clinical cases/#infected
Virulence
severe/fatal / #clinical cases
Case fatality ratio
deaths/#clinical cases
Attack rate
new cases in time ‘x’/population exposed
Reproductive rate
average number of secondary cases (in a susceptible population) that will be generated from each contagious disease
a function of:
- duration of contagiousness
- number of contacts in that period
- probability of transmission given exposure
What virus appears characteristically as “dew drop on a rose petal”
Varicella
Control measures for varicella
- report to public health
- isolation of cases while infectious (until rash has crusted over)
- quarantine of exposed susceptibles if in high risk environment
- protect contacts: immunoprophylazis–vaccine within 3 days of exposure, varicella zoster immune globin (VZIG) within 4 days–can prevent or lessen symptoms
List some reportable diseases
AIDS Campylobacteriosis Anthrax Botulism Chlamydia Cholera C. difficile associated diarrhea Cryptosporidiosis Diptheria Giardiasis Gonorrhea Group B Strep Hep A, B, C HIV Influenza, lab confirmed Listeriosis Lyme disease malaria Measles Mumps Norovirus Pertussis Polio Rabies Rubella Tetanus TB Typhoid fever West Nile
What infection accounts for 60-80% of primary liver cancer globally?
Hepatitis B
Primary prevention of Hep B
immunization, education on risks of transmission, infection control
Secondary prevention of Hep B
routine screening for HBV in pregnancy
perinatal HBimmunoglobin and vaccination at time of delivery if mom is HBV +
Post exposure prophylaxis for exposed individuals
Tertiary prevention for HBV
screening for complications (cirrhosis, HCC)
Discuss HBV immunization
- routine childhood immunizations at 2, 4, 6 months (catch up grade 6)
- adult indications for vaccine: IVDU, infected partner, multiple sex partners, Hx of STIs, travel, healthcare workers, chronic liver disease, end stage renal disease, HIV
What accounts for 40% of all chronic liver disease
Hep C–most common reason for a liver transplant
