IELTS 18 Reading T4 Flashcards
(133 cards)
1
Q
Rich, abundant, and flourishing in greenery.
The garden was filled with l_____ plants.
A
Lush
/lʌʃ/
2
Q
Leaves or greenery of plants.
The tropical f_______ was dense and green.
A
Foliage
/ˈfoʊliɪdʒ/
3
Q
Officials or governing body of a city.
The “city a____” planned the new park.
A
City authorities
/ɔːˈθɒrəti/
4
Q
Putting resources, like money or time, into something for future benefit.
She’s i_________ in real estate.
A
Investing
/ɪnˈvɛstɪŋ/
5
Q
Attracted or interested in something.
Many are d_____ to the new art exhibit.
A
Drawn to
6
Q
Reducing the severity of something.
Planting trees can help in m________ climate change.
A
Mitigating
/ˈmɪtəˌɡeɪtɪŋ/
7
Q
Confronting or dealing with a problem.
We are t_______ the issue of pollution.
A
Tackling
/ˈtækəlɪŋ/
8
Q
The natural environment for plants or animals.
The forest is a h______ for many species.
A
Habitat
/ˈhæbɪˌtæt/
9
Q
Drastic or extreme; revolutionary.
The new policy was a r______ change.
A
Radical
/ˈrædɪkəl/
10
Q
Huge, large-scale, or very significant.
The new bridge was a m________ project.
A
Monumental
/ˌmɑnjuˈmɛntəl/
11
Q
A large organization, often public, with a specific purpose.
The i_________ supports local artists.
A
Institution
/ˌɪnstɪˈtuʃən/
12
Q
Thinking ahead, proactive, or progressive.
She’s known for her f_________ ideas.
A
Forward-thinking
/ˈfɔrwərd ˈθɪŋkɪŋ/
13
Q
Helped establish a foundation for st.
Their work “p_____ the way” for future innovations.
A
Paved the way
/peɪvd/
14
Q
To combine with or become part of st.
The new building will “i_______ with” the park’s design.
A
Integrate with
/ˈɪntɪˌɡreɪt/
15
Q
Recommend or order st to use or take.
The doctor is p_________ rest for recovery.
A
Prescribe
/prɪˈskraɪb/
16
Q
A mental health disorder causing prolonged sadness.
D________ affects many people worldwide.
A
Depression
/dɪˈprɛʃən/
17
Q
Excessive body weight, often linked to health issues.
O______ can increase health risks.
A
Obesity
/oʊˈbisɪti/
18
Q
Widely accepted or typical.
Green energy is becoming m__________.
A
Mainstream
/ˈmeɪnˌstrim/
19
Q
A large variety or range of something.
The menu offers “a wide a___ of” options.
A
A wide array of
/əˈreɪ/
20
Q
A social or political drive or change.
The environmental m____ is growing.
The women’s rights m____ has made significant strides over the past century.
A
Movement
/ˈmuvmənt/
21
Q
To hand out or share something.
They d________ free food to the attendees.
A
Distribute
/dɪˈstrɪbjut/
22
Q
Keeping something in good condition.
M________ the garden takes effort.
A
Maintaining
/meɪnˈteɪnɪŋ/
23
Q
Adding or fitting new technology or systems to existing structures.
They “r________ - fit” old buildings for energy efficiency.
A
Retro-fit
/ˈrɛtroʊˌfɪt/
24
Q
= normal
It’s the n____ for companies to offer online services.
A
Norm
25
To gain or obtain something.
## Footnote
He plans to a_______ new skills this year.
Acquire
/əˈkwaɪər/
26
Arranging outdoor spaces with plants and structures.
## Footnote
The l________ of the park is beautiful.
Landscaping
/ˈlændˌskeɪpɪŋ/
27
Rules or limits set to control something.
## Footnote
Building r__________ are common in cities.
Restrictions
/rɪˈstrɪkʃənz/
28
A disturbance or interruption.
## Footnote
Roadwork caused d_________ in traffic.
Disruption
/dɪsˈrʌpʃən/
29
A reason given to support or oppose something.
## Footnote
He made a strong a_________ for conservation.
Argument
/ˈɑrɡjəmənt/
30
Specialized knowledge or skill.
## Footnote
The team’s e_________ was in software design.
Expertise
/ˌɛkspərˈtiz/
31
A specific purpose or activity of an item or role.
## Footnote
The main f_______ of the app is to help users learn.
Function
/ˈfʌŋkʃən/
32
Variety of life in a particular environment.
## Footnote
B________ is important for ecosystem health.
Biodiversity
/ˌbaɪoʊdaɪˈvɜrsɪti/
33
Full of energy, bright, or lively.
## Footnote
The festival was v______ with color and excitement.
Vibrant
/ˈvaɪbrənt/
34
Copied or duplicated.
## Footnote
The design was r________ in several cities.
Replicated
/ˈrɛplɪˌkeɪtɪd/
35
Established or become firmly fixed.
## Footnote
The tradition has t_____ root in their culture.
Take root
36
Existing naturally or inborn.
## Footnote
She had an i________ ability to understand complex problems.
Innate
/ɪˈneɪt/
37
Replace or take the place of something.
## Footnote
Smartphones have s________ traditional cameras.
Supplant
/səˈplænt/
38
Tried or aimed to achieve something.
## Footnote
He s______ to improve his skills through practice.
Seek - sought - sought
/sɔːt/
39
Developing steadily
## Footnote
The disease is p_____ , meaning it worsens over time.
Regular feedback is essential for the p_____ development of students' confidence and abilities.
Progressive
/prəˈɡrɛsɪv/
40
Open to or advocating new ideas or change.
## Footnote
Their p_____ mindset has helped the team stay ahead of industry trends.
She is known for her p______ ideas about environmental conservation.
Progressive
/prəˈɡrɛsɪv/
41
Rebel against authority or rules.
## Footnote
The citizens r________ against the unfair laws.
Revolt
/rɪˈvoʊlt/
42
A belief or idea, opinion
## Footnote
The n________ of equality is central to their philosophy.
Notion
/ˈnoʊʃən/
43
Existing as a natural or essential part.
## Footnote
Flexibility is i________ to good leadership.
Inherent
/ɪnˈhɪərənt/
44
Related to providing encouragement or inspiration.
## Footnote
The coach gave a m________ speech before the game.
Motivational
/ˌmoʊtɪˈveɪʃənl/
45
Formal talks to express ideas or motivate people.
## Footnote
The s________ inspired the audience to take action.
Speech(es)
/ˈspiːtʃɪz/
46
Persuade someone gently.
## Footnote
She was c________ him to try the new dish.
Coax
/ˈkoʊks/
47
A sign or signal of something.
## Footnote
The first i________ of spring is the blooming flowers.
Indication
/ˌɪndɪˈkeɪʃən/
48
Gradually teach or implant a feeling or idea.
## Footnote
They i________ a love for reading in their children.
Instill
/ɪnˈstɪl/
49
Express admiration or approval.
## Footnote
The teacher p________ her for her hard work.
Praise
/preɪz/
50
A determined attempt or action.
## Footnote
The e________ to clean the park was successful.
Effort
/ˈɛfərt/
51
Happened later or as a result.
## Footnote
He won the match and s________ became the champion.
Subsequently
/ˈsʌbsɪkwəntli/
52
Refers to the first of two things mentioned.
## Footnote
Between tea and coffee, I prefer "the f______".
The former
/ˈfɔrmər/
53
Conclude based on evidence.
## Footnote
From the data, she i________ that sales would increase.
Infer
/ɪnˈfɜr/
54
Give special attention or importance to st
## Footnote
The speaker e________ the need for teamwork.
Emphasise
/ˈɛmfəsaɪz/
55
An obstacle or barrier to progress.
## Footnote
Fear of failure was an i________ to his success.
Impediment
/ɪmˈpɛdɪmənt/
56
Put a plan or idea into action.
## Footnote
They are i________ new policies to improve efficiency.
Implement
/ˈɪmplɪˌmɛnt/
57
Conflict or lack of harmony.
## Footnote
There was a d________ between his words and actions.
Dissonance
/ˈdɪsənəns/
58
Show approval or express admiration.
## Footnote
The audience a________ loudly after the performance.
Applaud
/əˈplɔd/
59
Apart from or in addition to.
## Footnote
A________ from the main topic, the lecture covered current events.
Aside from
/əˈsaɪd frɒm/
60
Disapproval expressed by someone.
## Footnote
The film received c________ for its lack of originality.
Criticism
/ˈkrɪtɪˌsɪzəm/
61
An expert in collecting and analyzing numerical data.
## Footnote
The s________ prepared a detailed report.
Statistician
/ˌstætɪˈstɪʃən/
62
Having no legal or binding force.
## Footnote
The contract was declared n____ due to errors.
Null
/nʌl/
63
Worthy of reward or recognition.
## Footnote
She did an excellent job and truly d_____ the promotion.
Everyone d_____ to be treated with kindness and respect.
Deserve
/dɪˈzɜrv/
64
= thanks
## Footnote
She received full c________ for her contributions.
Credit
/ˈkrɛdɪt/
65
Adjust or modify to suit a new situation.
## Footnote
She’s a_________ quickly to her new job.
Adapt
/əˈdæpt/
66
Not correctly understood.
## Footnote
His intentions were m_________ by the team.
Misunderstood
/ˌmɪsʌndərˈstʊd/
67
Incorrectly used or applied.
## Footnote
The tool was m_________ in this context.
Misapplied
/ˌmɪsəˈplaɪd/
68
Taken or used inappropriately.
## Footnote
Funds were m_________ for personal gain.
Misappropriated
/ˌmɪsəˈproʊpriˌeɪtɪd/
69
to combine or mix two or more things into one, often in a way that creates confusion.
## Footnote
People often c____ happiness with success, but they are not the same.
Conflate
/kənˈfleɪt/
70
Confidence in one’s own worth or abilities.
## Footnote
Her self-e____ grew after the performance.
Self-esteem
/ˌsɛlf ɪˈstiːm/
71
To show an image back or think deeply
## Footnote
The mirror r______ light onto the wall.
Meditation helps people r____ on their thoughts and emotions.
Reflect
/rɪˈflɛkt/
72
Delicate or not immediately obvious.
## Footnote
She gave a s______ hint about her plans.
Subtle
/ˈsʌtəl/
73
A person in the teenage years.
## Footnote
The a_________ struggled with balancing school and hobbies.
Adolescent
/ˌædəˈlɛsənt/
74
To become aware of or recognize.
## Footnote
He p_______ a slight change in her tone.
Perceive
/pərˈsiːv/
75
Communicate or express an idea.
## Footnote
The speaker is c_________ his message clearly.
Convey
/kənˈveɪ/
76
Meant or planned to achieve something.
## Footnote
The gift was i________ to make her feel appreciated.
Intended
/ɪnˈtɛndɪd/
77
A mutual connection or relationship between two things.
## Footnote
There’s a c_________ between diet and health.
Correlation
/ˌkɔrəˈleɪʃən/
78
How one sees or views oneself.
## Footnote
His s_____-perception improved after therapy.
Self-perception
/pərˈsɛpʃən/
79
Information or facts that support an argument.
## Footnote
There’s e_______ to prove his theory.
Evidence
/ˈɛvɪdəns/
80
In the opposite order or direction.
## Footnote
It’s not what you think; it’s "the o_____ way round".
The other way round
81
Authentic or real.
## Footnote
Is the painting a g_____ Picasso?
Genuine
/ˈdʒɛnjuɪn/
82
Unclear or imprecise.
## Footnote
The instructions were v______ and hard to follow.
Vague
/veɪɡ/
83
sb who supports or advocates for st.
## Footnote
He’s a p_________ of clean energy solutions.
Proponent
/prəˈpoʊnənt/
84
Seems or gives the impression of being.
## Footnote
The plan a_________ to be feasible on paper.
Appears to be
85
A disagreement or argument.
## Footnote
The d_______ over the issue lasted for hours.
Dispute
/dɪˈspjuːt/
86
To associate or assign a cause or quality to something.
## Footnote
She a________ her success to hard work.
Attribute
/əˈtrɪbjut/
87
Unexpectedly contradictory.
## Footnote
P__________, his criticism was meant to help her.
Paradoxically
/ˌpærəˈdɑksɪkli/
88
A strong desire or ambition to achieve something.
## Footnote
Her a________ is to become a renowned artist.
Aspiration
/ˌæspəˈreɪʃən/
89
to make sb believe st that is not true
## Footnote
He was d_______ into thinking the scam was real.
Delude
/dɪˈluːd/
90
Practical, specific abilities.
## Footnote
The course teaches c_________ skills like coding and analysis.
Concrete skills
/ˈkɒŋkriːt/
91
Truly, certainly, or in fact.
## Footnote
The dessert was delicious i______.
Indeed
/ɪnˈdiːd/
92
A system of thought or set of beliefs.
## Footnote
His p_________ emphasizes simplicity and balance.
Philosophy
/fəˈlɑsəfi/
93
The forced movement of people or things from their usual place.
## Footnote
The war led to mass d__________.
Displacement
/dɪsˈpleɪsmənt/
94
Suggest or put forward for consideration.
## Footnote
The scientist p________ a new theory.
Propose
/prəˈpoʊz/
95
A prolonged public disagreement or debate.
## Footnote
His remarks on social media caused a storm of c_____.
There is ongoing c______ about the use of genetically modified foods.
Controversy
/ˈkɒntrəˌvɜrsi/
96
To assume or imagine something is true.
## Footnote
I s_______ he forgot about the meeting.
Suppose
/səˈpoʊz/
97
Exactly as stated; not metaphorically.
## Footnote
He l________ jumped out of his seat in excitement.
Literally
/ˈlɪtərəli/
98
Stay or continue to be in the same state.
## Footnote
She r________ calm despite the chaos.
Remain
/rɪˈmeɪn/
99
Believable or seemingly reasonable.
## Footnote
The explanation sounds p__________.
Plausible
/ˈplɔːzɪbəl/
100
Regard, admiration, or consideration.
## Footnote
He treated his elders with r_______.
Respect
/rɪˈspɛkt/
101
The scientific explanation for the development of species.
## Footnote
E________ theory is widely accepted in biology.
Evolutionary theory
/ˌɛvəˈluːʃənɛri ˈθɪəri/
102
Gradual development over time.
## Footnote
The e________ of technology has transformed society.
Evolution
/ˌɛvəˈluːʃən/
103
Future generations or offspring.
## Footnote
These traditions were passed on to their d_________.
Descendants
/dɪˈsɛndənts/
104
Fascinating or arousing curiosity.
## Footnote
The detective story was i________ from start to finish.
Intriguing
/ɪnˈtriːɡɪŋ/
105
Chase or strive to achieve something.
## Footnote
He p________ a career in medicine.
Pursue
/pərˈsuː/
106
A teacher at a university or college.
## Footnote
The l________ explained complex topics clearly.
Lecturer
/ˈlɛktʃərər/
107
A journey undertaken for discovery or research.
## Footnote
The e________ explored uncharted lands.
Expedition
/ˌɛkspəˈdɪʃən/
108
A secondary or less important activity.
## Footnote
Writing became a s________ for her after she started teaching.
Sideline
/ˈsaɪdlaɪn/
109
For this reason; therefore.
## Footnote
He forgot his umbrella and t______ got wet.
Thus
/ðʌs/
110
Medical care or handling of a situation.
## Footnote
The t________ for the illness was effective.
Treatment
/ˈtriːtmənt/
111
Dedicated or committed to a purpose.
## Footnote
She d________ her life to helping others.
Devoted
/dɪˈvoʊtɪd/
112
The response or reaction to something.
## Footnote
The film received a warm r________ from critics.
Reception
/rɪˈsɛpʃən/
113
Causing public disagreement or debate.
## Footnote
The c________ topic divided the community.
Controversial
/ˌkɒntrəˈvɜrʃəl/
114
Clearly defined or exact.
## Footnote
The instructions were s________ to avoid confusion.
Specific
/spəˈsɪfɪk/
115
A sign or marker that provides direction.
## Footnote
The lighthouse served as a g________ for sailors.
Guidepost
/ˈɡaɪdˌpoʊst/
116
a list of names or topics that are referred to in a book
## Footnote
The book has an alphabetical i____ at the back for quick navigation.
Check the i____ to find information about the topic.
Index
/ˈɪndɛks/
117
A strong desire or push to do something.
## Footnote
He felt an u______ to speak up during the meeting.
Urge
/ɜrdʒ/
118
A break or disruption in continuity.
## Footnote
The speech was interrupted by an i__________.
Interruption
/ˌɪntəˈrʌpʃən/
119
Required or involved as a necessary part.
## Footnote
The job e________ long hours of hard work.
Entailed
/ɪnˈteɪld/
120
Similar or comparable in some ways.
## Footnote
The two processes run in p________ to each other.
Parallel
/ˈpærəˌlɛl/
121
Forming theories or guesses without firm evidence.
## Footnote
The s________ about alien life continues.
Speculation
/ˌspɛkjʊˈleɪʃən/
122
Expressing a strong opinion with certainty.
## Footnote
I am f_______ of the opinion that this plan will succeed.
I am firmly of the opinion that
123
Considering past events or situations.
## Footnote
R__________, I would have made a different choice.
Retrospectively
/ˌrɛtroʊˈspɛktɪvli/
124
A chance occurrence or coincidence.
## Footnote
By sheer h_________, they met at the cafe.
Happenstance
/ˈhæpənˌstæns/
125
A story or account of connected events.
## Footnote
The author wove an engaging n________ into the novel.
Narrative
/ˈnærətɪv/
126
A disagreement or argument.
## Footnote
The d________ over the policy continues to grow.
Dispute
/ˈdɪspjuːt/
127
Support or argue in favor of something.
## Footnote
She d________ her thesis in front of a panel.
Defend
/dɪˈfɛnd/
128
Simple, humble, or not extravagant.
## Footnote
He led a m_______ life in the countryside.
Modest
/ˈmɑdɪst/
129
Risky or dangerous.
## Footnote
Climbing the mountain was a h________ journey.
Hazardous
/ˈhæzərdəs/
130
Having a strong desire for success or achievement.
## Footnote
She is an a________ young entrepreneur.
Ambitious
/æmˈbɪʃəs/
131
To accept, take on, or implement something.
## Footnote
They a________ a new strategy to improve productivity.
Adopt
/əˈdɒpt/
132
The act of noticing or watching something carefully.
## Footnote
His o________ helped solve the mystery.
Observation
/ˌɒbzərˈveɪʃən/
133
Repeated or customary actions.
## Footnote
Their daily p________ include meditation and exercise.
Practices
/ˈpræktɪsɪz/
