textbook Flashcards
(135 cards)
1
Q
A way of thinking or feeling about something
His a______ to work is very positive.
A
Attitude to
/ˈæt.ɪ.tjuːd tuː/
2
Q
Seems to be in a certain state
She a______ tired after the long journey.
A
Appears + adj
/əˈpɪəz + ˈædʒ.ɪk.tɪv/
3
Q
Favoring traditional views; cautious
She comes from a c_____ family that values traditions.
Some people have c______ opinions about social changes.
A
Conservative
/kənˈsɜː.və.tɪv/
4
Q
Usual or traditional
It is c______ to shake hands when greeting someone.
A
Customary
/ˈkʌs.tə.mə.ri/
5
Q
Not advanced; behind in development
The technology in some rural areas is still quite b______.
A
Backward
/ˈbæk.wəd/
6
Q
Favoring change and improvement
She holds p______ views on education.
A
Progressive
/prəˈɡrɛs.ɪv/
7
Q
One more of the same kind
Can I have a______ cup of coffee?
A
Another + n sing.
8
Q
The state of being healthy
Exercise is essential for overall w______.
A
Wellness
/ˈwɛl.nəs/
9
Q
To examine closely
The manager s______ the report for errors.
A
Scrutinize
/ˈskruː.tɪ.naɪz/
10
Q
To look at something carefully
The mechanic i______ the car for problems.
A
Inspect
/ɪnˈspɛkt/
11
Q
To read or examine carefully
She p______ the contract before signing it.
A
Peruse
/pəˈruːz/
12
Q
To consider carefully before making a decision
You should w______ the pros and cons before deciding.
A
Weigh
/weɪ/
13
Q
Identified a disease or condition
He was d______ with asthma last year.
A
Diagnosed
/ˈdaɪ.əɡ.nəʊzd/
14
Q
Likely to suffer from something
He is “p______ to” getting colds in the winter.
A
Prone to
/prəʊn tuː/
15
Q
A disease affecting blood sugar levels
Many people manage d______ with diet and medication.
A
Diabetes
/ˌdaɪ.əˈbiː.tiːz/
16
Q
Providing necessary nutrients
Fruits and vegetables are highly n______.
A
Nutritious
/njuˈtrɪʃ.əs/
17
Q
Advisable or recommended
It “would be w______ to” save money for emergencies.
A
Would be wise to
18
Q
Not related or important
His comment was i______ to the discussion.
A
Irrelevant
/ɪˈrɛl.ə.vənt/
19
Q
Absolutely necessary
Water is e______ for survival.
A
Essential
/ɪˈsɛn.ʃəl/
20
Q
A goal or purpose
His main o______ is to finish the project on time.
A
Objective (n)
/əbˈdʒɛk.tɪv/
21
Q
Large in amount or importance
The company made a s______ profit last year.
A
Substantial
/səbˈstæn.ʃəl/
22
Q
a booked arrangement
I made a r______ at the hotel.
A
Reservation
/ˌrɛz.əˈveɪ.ʃən/
23
Q
Agreement or permission
The manager gave his a______ for the new policy.
A
Approval
/əˈpruː.vəl/
24
Q
Uncertainty or lack of confidence
She had d______ about his honesty.
A
Doubt
/daʊt/
25
Intense excitement or interest
## Footnote
She spoke about her project with great e______.
Enthusiasm
/ɪnˈθjuː.zi.æz.əm/
26
To set up or create
## Footnote
The company was e______ in 1995.
Establish
/ɪˈstæb.lɪʃ/
27
Skilled in handling negotiations
## Footnote
He gave a d______ response to avoid conflict.
Diplomatic
/ˌdɪp.ləˈmæt.ɪk/
28
A significant event or achievement
## Footnote
Graduation is a major m______ in life.
Milestone
/ˈmaɪl.stəʊn/
29
The process of attaining a position or right
## Footnote
The king’s a______ to the throne was celebrated.
Accession
/əkˈsɛʃ.ən/
30
The ability to enter or use something
## Footnote
I need a______ to the database.
You can a______ the files online.
Access n/v
/ˈæk.sɛs/
31
Wider or more general
## Footnote
We need to take a b______ view of the issue.
Broader
/ˈbrɔː.dər/
32
A field or domain of activity
## Footnote
She is well-known in the r______ of science.
Realm
/rɛlm/
33
A plan or strategy to achieve something
## Footnote
The government launched an environmental i______.
Initiative
/ɪˈnɪʃ.ə.tɪv/
34
To actively begin doing something
## Footnote
He took the i______ to start a recycling program.
Take initiatives to do sth
/ɪˈnɪʃ.ə.tɪv/
35
The beginning of something
## Footnote
The company has grown a lot since its i______.
Inception
/ɪnˈsɛp.ʃən/
36
To separate from others
## Footnote
The patient was i______ to prevent the spread of disease.
Isolate
/ˈaɪ.sə.leɪt/
37
Only; just
## Footnote
He was m______ joking when he made that comment.
Merely
/ˈmɪə.li/
38
Serious thought; mirror image
## Footnote
His book is a r______ of his experiences.
Reflection
/rɪˈflɛk.ʃən/
39
A strong desire to achieve something
## Footnote
She has a______ to become a doctor.
Aspiration
/ˌæs.pɪˈreɪ.ʃən/
40
To interact or get involved with someone
## Footnote
The teacher encouraged students to e______ the lesson.
Engage with sb
/ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ wɪð/
41
To discuss st to reach an agreement
## Footnote
They n______ a fair contract for both parties.
Negotiate
/nɪˈɡəʊ.ʃi.eɪt/
42
To be skilled or knowledgeable in something
## Footnote
She has a strong c______ of French.
Have a command of
/kəˈmɑːnd/
43
Who or what someone is
## Footnote
Cultural i______ is important to many people.
Identity
/aɪˈdɛn.tɪ.ti/
44
Connection or consistency with something
## Footnote
The new policy ensures c______ with past traditions.
Continuity with sth
/ˌkɒn.tɪˈnjuː.ɪ.ti/
45
Something that makes one feel proud
## Footnote
His achievements are a "souce of p______" for the whole family.
Source of pride
/sɔːs ʌv praɪd/
46
Wealth or luck
## Footnote
He made a f______ in the stock market.
Fortune
/ˈfɔː.tʃuːn/
47
The state of being successful or wealthy
## Footnote
Economic p______ leads to a better quality of life.
Prosperity
/prɒsˈpɛr.ɪ.ti/
48
Successful and wealthy
## Footnote
They live in a p______ neighborhood.
Prosperous
/ˈprɒs.pər.əs/
49
Essential; very important
## Footnote
Honesty is a f______ value in any relationship.
Fundamental
/ˌfʌn.dəˈmɛn.təl/
50
A moral or legal entitlement
## Footnote
Everyone has the r______ to free speech.
Right
/raɪt/
51
To speed up
## Footnote
The company wants to a______ the development of new technology.
Accelerate
/əkˈsɛl.ə.reɪt/
52
A disruption in nature, like storms or earthquakes
## Footnote
Wildfires are a "natural d______" that affects forests.
Natural disturbance
/dɪsˈtɜː.bəns/
53
A large number of unwanted insects or animals
## Footnote
The house had an i______ of termites.
Infestation
/ˌɪn.fɛsˈteɪ.ʃən/
54
The process of strengthening soil
## Footnote
Trees help with "soil s______" and prevent erosion.
Soil stabilisation
/sɔɪl ˌsteɪ.bɪ.laɪˈzeɪ.ʃən/
55
To deal with a problem
## Footnote
The government needs to "a______ the issue" of pollution.
Address the issue
56
Related to genes and heredity
## Footnote
Scientists study g______ factors in diseases.
Genetic
/dʒɪˈnɛt.ɪk/
57
Places where young plants are grown
## Footnote
The farm has large n______ for tree saplings.
Nurseries
/ˈnɜː.sər.iz/
58
A young plant
## Footnote
They planted 100 tree s______ in the park.
Seedling
/ˈsiːd.lɪŋ/
59
To remove or take out
## Footnote
The dentist e______ the damaged tooth.
Extract
/ɪkˈstrækt/
60
A part of something
## Footnote
Water is a key c______ of the human body.
Component
/kəmˈpəʊ.nənt/
61
before
## Footnote
The meeting will be held "a______ of" lunch.
She walked "a______ of" me.
ahead of
/ˈfɒl.əʊ.ɪŋ - əˈhɛd ʌv/
62
Helping something grow or develop
## Footnote
She has a n______ personality, always caring for others.
Nurturing
/ˈnɜː.tʃər.ɪŋ/
63
Able to recover quickly
## Footnote
Children are often very r______ to changes.
Resilient
/rɪˈzɪl.i.ənt/
64
Concentrated work towards a goal
## Footnote
"a f______ effort" is needed to complete the project on time.
A focused effort
/ə ˈfəʊ.kəst ˈɛf.ət/
65
Size or level of something
## Footnote
The company is expanding on a global s______.
Scale
/skeɪl/
66
Suitable or proper
## Footnote
It is important to wear a______ clothing for the weather.
Appropriate
/əˈprəʊ.pri.ət/
67
Independent groups that work for social causes
## Footnote
Many "n______ organizations" provide aid to developing countries.
Nongovernmental organizations NGOs
/ˌnɒnˌɡʌv.ənˈmɛn.təl/
68
To expect or predict
## Footnote
We a______ an increase in sales next year.
Anticipate
/ænˈtɪs.ɪ.peɪt/
69
To express strong disapproval
## Footnote
People p______ against the new law.
Protest
/ˈprəʊ.tɛst/
70
To pause or be uncertain before acting
## Footnote
He h______ before answering the question.
Hesitate
/ˈhɛz.ɪ.teɪt/
71
To stay in a place or condition
## Footnote
He r______ silent during the meeting.
Remain (v)
/rɪˈmeɪn/
72
Time is almost over
## Footnote
We must act now—"the sands are r______ out".
The sands are running out
73
A very small amount compared to what is needed
## Footnote
One donation is just "a d______ in the ocean" of poverty.
A drop in the ocean
74
Things meant to be used once and thrown away
## Footnote
Plastic straws are "d______ items" harming the environment.
Disposable items
/dɪˈspəʊ.zə.bəl/
75
A method that is fair and reasonable
## Footnote
We should manage our resources in "a b______ way".
A balanced way
/ˈbæl.ənst/
76
Unnecessary loss or waste
## Footnote
There is a lot of food w______ in restaurants.
Wastage
/ˈweɪ.stɪdʒ/
77
To have a negative impact on something
## Footnote
Pollution can "a______ affect" human health.
Adversely affect
/ˈæd.vɜːs.li əˈfɛkt/
78
To use up completely; to tire out
## Footnote
The factory e______ natural resources quickly.
Exhaust
/ɪɡˈzɔːst/
79
Equal in value, amount, or meaning
## Footnote
A mile "is e______ to" 1.6 kilometers.
be equivalent to
/ɪˈkwɪv.əl.ənt/
80
To make up a certain percentage of something
## Footnote
Women "a______ for" 40% of the workforce.
Account for
/əˈkaʊnt fɔː/
81
A number; a person's shape or a notable person
## Footnote
The unemployment f______ rose last month.
Figure
/ˈfɪɡ.jʊər/
82
To allow or give official permission
## Footnote
The school p______ students to use calculators.
Permit
/pəˈmɪt/ v, /ˈpɜː.mɪt/ n
83
To communicate or work with someone
## Footnote
Children need to i______ with their peers.
Interact
/ˌɪn.təˈrækt/
84
First conditional real present/future
## Footnote
______, we will stay inside.
If S + Vs/es sth
—
85
Second conditional hypothetical present/future
## Footnote
______, I would travel the world.
If S + V2/ed
—
86
Third conditional hypothetical past
## Footnote
______, she would have passed.
If S + had V3/ed
—
87
To take up or accept an idea, practice, or method
## Footnote
The company a______ a new policy.
Adopt
/əˈdɒpt/
88
To adjust to new conditions
## Footnote
Animals a______ to their environment.
Adapt
/əˈdæpt/
89
To fasten or connect
## Footnote
He t______ his shoelaces.
Tie
/taɪ/
90
Very advanced and modern
## Footnote
This company develops c______ technology.
Cutting-edge
/ˈkʌt.ɪŋ ɛdʒ/
91
To overstate something
## Footnote
He e______ the size of the fish he caught.
Exaggerate
/ɪɡˈzædʒ.ə.reɪt/
92
Doubtful or not easily convinced
## Footnote
She is s______ about the new diet trend.
Skeptical
/ˈskɛp.tɪ.kəl/
93
An observable event or fact
## Footnote
Global warming is a serious p_____ affecting the whole planet.
Phenomenon
/fəˈnɒm.ɪ.nən/
94
Having a great influence or effect
## Footnote
Climate change has f______ consequences.
Far-reaching
/ˌfɑː ˈriː.tʃɪŋ/
95
To watch or notice something
## Footnote
Scientists o______ changes in the climate.
Observe
/əbˈzɜːv/
96
Not severe or strong
## Footnote
He has a m______ headache.
Mild
/maɪld/
97
To reduce the severity of something
## Footnote
New laws help m______ pollution.
Mitigate
/ˈmɪt.ɪ.ɡeɪt/
98
In a usual or traditional way
## Footnote
The house was c______ built with bricks.
Conventionally
/kənˈvɛn.ʃən.əl.i/
99
The rise in prices over time
## Footnote
I______ makes goods more expensive.
Inflation
/ɪnˈfleɪ.ʃən/
100
Constant; stable - The quality of being steady
## Footnote
She has a s______ job.
His s______ is admirable.
Steady - Steadiness
/ˈstɛd.i/ - /ˈstɛd.i.nəs/
101
A network for electricity distribution
## Footnote
The country upgraded its "power g______".
Power grid
/ˈpaʊ.ər ɡrɪd/
102
To combine into a whole
## Footnote
The school i______ technology into teaching.
Integrate
/ˈɪn.tɪ.ɡreɪt/
103
A fortress of historical importance
## Footnote
The "i______ citadel" of Thang Long is in Vietnam.
Imperial Citadel
/ɪmˈpɪə.ri.əl ˈsɪt.ə.dɛl/
104
A group of states under one ruler
## Footnote
The Roman e______ was vast.
Empire
/ˈɛm.paɪər/
105
A male ruler of an empire
## Footnote
Napoleon was a famous e______.
Emperor
/ˈɛm.pər.ər/
106
An ancient object from the past
## Footnote
The museum has r______ from ancient Egypt.
Relic
/ˈrɛl.ɪk/
107
Digging to uncover historical artifacts
## Footnote
The e______ revealed ancient tools.
Excavation
/ˌɛks.kəˈveɪ.ʃən/
108
Related to Earth's physical structure
## Footnote
The area has unique g______ formations.
Geological
/ˌdʒiː.əˈlɒdʒ.ɪ.kəl/
109
Related to location and landscape
## Footnote
The g______ features of the region vary.
Geographical
/ˌdʒiː.əˈɡræf.ɪ.kəl/
110
To show religious devotion
## Footnote
People w______ in temples and churches.
Worship
/ˈwɜː.ʃɪp/
111
A skilled worker making handmade items
## Footnote
The c______ made a beautiful wooden chair.
Craftsman
/ˈkrɑːfts.mən/
112
A worker skilled in a trade
## Footnote
The a______ sold handmade pottery.
Artisan
/ˈɑː.tɪ.zən/
113
A burial place
## Footnote
The pharaoh’s t______ was discovered intact.
Tomb
/tuːm/
114
Visually attractive, like a picture
## Footnote
The village is p______ with its old houses.
Picturesque
/ˌpɪk.tʃərˈɛsk/
115
To fail to take care of something
## Footnote
The house fell into ruin due to n______.
Neglect
/nɪˈɡlɛkt/
116
To bring back to original condition
## Footnote
The government plans to r______ the old castle.
Restore
/rɪˈstɔːr/
117
Something that draws interest
## Footnote
The Eiffel Tower is a popular tourist a______.
Attraction
/əˈtræk.ʃən/
118
The quality of being appealing
## Footnote
Her a______ goes beyond physical beauty.
Attractiveness
/əˈtræk.tɪv.nəs/
119
Undamaged; in one piece
## Footnote
The ancient temple remains i______ after the earthquake.
Intact
/ɪnˈtækt/
120
To destroy completely
## Footnote
The old building was d______ to make space for a mall.
Demolish
/dɪˈmɒl.ɪʃ/
121
Limited or not easily available
## Footnote
Water is s______ in the desert.
Scarce
/skeəs/
122
To put into action
## Footnote
The company i______ new safety regulations.
Implement
/ˈɪm.plɪ.mənt/
123
Meant to be kept secret
## Footnote
The documents contain c______ information.
Confidential
/ˌkɒn.fɪˈdɛn.ʃəl/
124
Unwilling or slow to do something
## Footnote
He was r______ to answer the difficult question.
Reluctant / Hesitant
/rɪˈlʌk.tənt/ /ˈhɛz.ɪ.tənt/
125
Able to make decisions quickly
## Footnote
A good leader must be d______ in tough situations.
Decisive
/dɪˈsaɪ.sɪv/
126
To be persistent in achieving something
## Footnote
She was d______ in pursuing her dreams.
Determined
/dɪˈtɜː.mɪnd/
## Footnote
Tenacious
/təˈneɪ.ʃəs/
127
To require or force sb to do st
## Footnote
Employers are o______ to provide safe working conditions.
Obligate
/ˈɒb.lɪ.ɡeɪt/
128
Control over one's actions or emotions
## Footnote
She showed self-r______ by not arguing back.
Self-restraint
/ˌsɛlf rɪˈstreɪnt/
129
Confidence in one's worth
## Footnote
Building self-e______ is important for success.
Self-esteem
/ˌsɛlf ɪˈstiːm/
130
Having an exaggerated sense of self-importance
## Footnote
He was too a______ to admit his mistake.
Arrogant
/ˈær.ə.ɡənt/
131
Modest; not proud
## Footnote
Despite his success, he remained h______.
Humble
/ˈhʌm.bəl/
132
Higher in rank, quality, or importance
## Footnote
This product is s______ to the others.
Superior
/suːˈpɪə.ri.ər/
133
A certificate for completing a course of study
## Footnote
She received her d______ in business management.
Diploma
/dɪˈpləʊ.mə/
134
Concerned with helping people
## Footnote
The h______ organization provides aid to refugees.
Humanitarian
/hjuːˌmæn.ɪˈteə.ri.ən/
135
Dependent on st or sb
## Footnote
Children are r______ on their parents for support.
Reliant
/rɪˈlaɪ.ənt/
