[IEMR12]Thyroid

Question 1

Hyperthyroxinemia: thyroxine levels, T3RU, and FTI?

Answer 1

High, High and Very High

Question 2

Where do the parathyroid gland embed themselves after they migrate from pharyngeal pouches 3 and 4?

Answer 2

thyroid gland

Question 3

Elevated Thyroid Binding Globulin: Thyroxine, T3RU and FTI?

Answer 3

High, Low, Normal

Question 4

Does your body prefer to synthesize T4 or T3?

Answer 4

T4

Question 5

How does the second messenger cAMP affect the synthesis of thyroid hormone?

Answer 5

The increase in cAMP increases the synthesis of thyroid hormone

Question 5

Normal RIU and elevated thyroid activity?

Answer 5

iodine excess

Question 6

Answer 6

hypothyroidism

Question 6

What is the Wolf-Chaikoff effect?

Answer 6

If you provide more than a reasonable amount of iodine to restore normal thyroid function, it could actually inhibit thyroid function

Question 7

What enzyme linked the tyrosine molecules to form the thyroid hormones?

Answer 7

thyroid peroxidase

Question 7

What type of test assist in establishing an autoimmune thyroid disease?(3 points)

Answer 7

TSHR-Ab(LATS), antimicrosomal or anti-TG antibodies

Question 8

How does T4 interacting with hormones in the pituitary gland affect T3 production?

Answer 8

It increases T3 production by stimulating the conversion of T4 into T3

Question 9

How is RIU test conducted?

Answer 9

123-I is provided orally and iodine uptake is measured 24 hours later. A percentage of 33% or more is normal function but anything much higher than that is indicative of thyroid dysfunction

Question 9

Low RIU and decreased thryoid activity

Answer 9

hypofunction

Question 11

What thyroid hormone is the most biologically active?

Answer 11

T3

Question 12

What nerve transverse the lateral borders of the thyroid gland?

Answer 12

recurrent laryngeal nerve

Question 12

Normal RIU and decreased thyroid activity?

Answer 12

iodine deficiency

Question 13

If thyroid hormone is deficient during prenatal and postnatal periods, how does this affect the development of the CNS? This makes the child predisposed to what condition?(2 points)

Answer 13

It has an adverse effect on the Central Nervous System. The child can become mentally retarded. Moreover, postnatally, the child can have growth retardation

Question 14

What happens if a thyroid follicle is destroyed due to an infection or some other pathological condition?

Answer 14

The person would temporarily become hyperthyroid due to the sudden release of a large amount of thyroid hormones stored in the colloid in the follicle. The person would then become hypothyroid is the problem persist.

Question 16

The thyroid gland travels from the foramen cecum using what embryological anatomical path?

Answer 16

thyroglossal duct

Question 18

What is the pro hormone, T4 or T3?

Answer 18

T4

Question 19

High RIU and normal thyroid activity?

Answer 19

iodine deficiency

Question 20

How do small changes changes in T4 affect the relative concentrations of TSH levels?

Answer 20

It causes large changes in TSH levels

Question 21

What is the normal range for serum thyroglobulin levels?

Answer 21

Less than 40 ng/mL

Question 23

The neural crest derivatives from the ultimobranchial body give rise to what medullary cells in the thyroid? What hormone do they produce?

Answer 23

They give rise to medullary C cells that produce calcitonin

Question 24

Why does thyroid hormone cause thyrotoxicosis?

Answer 24

The thyroid increases heart rate and contractility leading to severe overstimulation of the heart

Question 25

What is you assessment: High RIU and elevated thyroid activity?

Answer 25

hyperfunction

Question 26

What is the normal range for T4 in the plasma?

Answer 26

5 to 12 μg/dL

Question 26

High RIU and decreased thyroid activity?

Answer 26

severe iodine deficiency

Question 28

Is reverse T3 (rT3) biologically active?

Answer 28

NO!

Question 28

Thyroid hormone is necessary for what general metabolic functions in the body?(3 points)

Answer 28

basal metabolic rate, thermogenesis and intermediary metabolism

Question 29

How does estrogen affect the amount of circulating thryoxine in woman?

Answer 29

It raises the circulating thyroxine levels in woman

Question 31

Answer 31

Hyperthyroidism

Question 32

When considering the development of the thyroid gland, it travels from what anatomical location?

Answer 32

foramen cecum

Question 33

What is the normal range for T3 in the plasma?

Answer 33

80-200 ng/dL

Question 34

Does a man compared to a woman have a larger or a smaller amount of circulating thyroxine?

Answer 34

They have a smaller amount of circulating thyroxine

Question 35

When T4 is in the cell, how does the cell dictate its utilization of T4?

Answer 35

If T3 is needed, T4 is converted to T3 and it interacts with receptors in the nucleus or receptors in the mitochondria

Question 36

Low RIU and normal thyroid activity?

Answer 36

iodine excess

Question 37

Where is the location of thyroid peroxidase?

Answer 37

The inner membrane

Question 37

Decreased Thyroid Binding Globulin: Thyroxine, T3RU and FTI?

Answer 37

Low, High, Normal

Question 39

The parathyroid migrate from what pharyngeal pouches?

Answer 39

3 and 4

Question 40

Low RIU and elevated thyroid activity?

Answer 40

servere iodine excess

Question 41

How do the levels of thyroid binding globuin change during pregnancy?

Answer 41

It increases as the weeks of pregnancy go up

Question 42

What drug is provided as a substitute in the treatment of hypothyroidism?

Answer 42

levothyronine

Question 44

What substances are provided to conduct an imaging test in an effort to assess the thyroid function?**(2 points) **How are they administered?

Answer 44

Radioactive Iodine or Technetrium Pertechnetate. They're administered via IV.

Question 45

Why are basal levels for thyroid hormone not necessary for normal physiological function in the body?

Answer 45

The opposite is true. Basal level of thyroid hormone is essential for normal function.

Question 46

What is the most sensitive test when it comes to measuring thyroid function?

Answer 46

TSH plasma levels

Question 47

The transport of iodine into the cell depends on what?

Answer 47

It is secondary active transport dependent on Sodium Potassium ATPase

Question 48

When does thyroid hormone synthesis begin?(gestation)

Answer 48

Around 11 weeks gestation

Question 49

Normal: Thyroxine, T3RU and FTI?

Answer 49

Normal, normal and normal

Question 50

Hypothyroxinemia: Thyroxine, T3RU and FTI?

Answer 50

Low, Low and very low

Question 51

normal RIU and normal thyroid activity?

Answer 51

normal thyroid

Question 52

What gland produces thyrotropin releasing hormone? How does this hormone affect the anterior pituitary gland?

Answer 52

the hypothalamus synthesizes thyrotropin releasing hormone which stimulates the anterior pituitary gland to synthesize and release thyroid stimulating hormone

Question 53

What is the basic structure of the thyroglobulin molecules used to synthesize T3 and T4?

Answer 53

Two tyrosine molecules linke to each other with added iodine

Question 54

Why is thyroid hormone required for normal body growth(hormonal effect)

Answer 54

Thyroid hormone increases GH gene expression

Question 55

The main regulatory control of thyroid hormone synthesis and release fro the thyroid gland is located in what organ in the endocrine system?

Answer 55

The anterior pituitary gland

Question 56

How do you make T4 work?

Answer 56

remove the iodine molecule

Question 57

Why does thyroid hormone have such a long half-life?

Answer 57

Thyroid hormones are avidly bound to plasma proteins