Pathology of Male Reproductive System Flashcards
(118 cards)
1
Q
A
Condyloma Acuminatum
1
Q
A
Prostate Chips of Transurethral Prostatic Resection
2
Q
Where can you find the sessile or pedunculated papillomatous lesion caused by condyloma acuminatum of the male’s genatlia?(2-3points)
A
Coronal sulcus of inner surface of the inner surface of the prepuce
2
Q
A
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
2
Q
A
choriocarcinoma
3
Q
epispadias
A
urethral orifice involving the dorsal surface
3
Q
A
Choriocarcinoma
4
Q
A
These little trabecular pattern are the storma. You’re going to find the lymphocytes or the granulomas at the darker part in the diagram to the left.
The little block dots in the picture to the right is a zoomed in picture are the lymphocytes.
5
Q
A
choriocarcinoma
5
Q
What gets larger in benign prostatic hypertrophy?**(2 points) **Why?
A
The glands and stroma, i.e., smooth muscle, of the prostate. DHT stimulates the growth of the smooth muscle of the blader and it grows larger
6
Q
A
condyloma acuminatum
6
Q
What is the aetiology of Bowenoid papulosis?
A
HPV type 16 DNA sequence have been detected
7
Q
Granulomatous (autoimmune) orchitis?
A
unilateral testicular enlargement in middle aged men
7
Q
What are androblastomas? What may these types of tumors eleborate?(2 points) What is the description of the cells?(2 points)
A
sertoli cell tumors; androgens or estrogen; tall columnar cells resembling seminiferous tubules
8
Q
Nonseminomatous Germ Cell Tumors: what type of testicular tumor?(2-4 points) Can you treat with radiation? Can you treat with chemotherapy? What is the time course for the metastasis?(2 points) What is the prognosis?
A
choriocarcinoma, embryonal tumor, teratoma and yolk sac tumor; you can’t with radiation; they’re chemosensitive; early metastasis to retroperitoneal lymph nodes; poor prognosis, the tumors in this group are aggressive
8
Q
What are the types and descriptiosn of each of the teratomas?(3 points)
A
mature teratoma - all elements well differentiated; immature - incompelte differentiation; teratoma - with malignant transformation
9
Q
A
Acute Prostatitis
10
Q
urethral orifice involving the ventral surface
A
hypospadias
10
Q
A
Leydig Cell Tumor
12
Q
A
Condyloma Acuminatum
13
Q
Cryptorchidism
A
represents failure of descent
14
Q
A
Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy
15
Q
Blood in the tunica vaginalis
A
Hematocele
16
Q
The most common cause of scrotal enlargement?
A
hydrocele
16
torsion of the testis
16
Carcinoma of the prostate
17
Leydig Cell Hyperplasia
17
Choriocarcinoma: how aggressive is the lesion; what type of elements are contained within the cells**(2 points)**; what are the size of the lesions? How are the size of the testicles affected? This tumor is associated with elevated levels of what substance?
highly aggressive lesion; cytotrophoblastic and synctio-trophoblastic elements; small lesions; no testicular involvement; elevated levels of chorionic gonadotropin hormone
19
What is the description of the shaft of the lesion produced by squamous cell carcinoma of the male reproductive tract?**(2-3 points)**
ulcerinfiltrative exophytic verrucous lesion of the glans or shaft of the penis
20
What is the most common form of prostatis?
chronic abacterial prostatis, caused by ureaplasma urelyticum and chlamydia trachomatis
21
What is the aetiology of condyloma acuminatum?**(2 points)** What time in male's life is this the most common? What is the gross morphology of the lesion?(2-3points) What location?(2-3)
HPV type 6 and 11; puberty; sessile, pedunculated papillamatous lesion; coronal sulcus of the inner surface of the prepuce
22
Seminomas: what type of testicular tumor? Can you traet with radiation? Can you treat with chemotherapy? What is the time course for the metastatsis? What is the prognosis?
it is a seminoma; it is radiosensitive; you can traet with chemotherapy; there is late metastasis; excellent prognosis
24
abnormally small orifice in the prepuce
phimosis
25
Carcinoma of the prostate
26
immature teratoma
27
hydrocele
28
hypospadias
urethral orifice involving the ventral surface
28
What is the most common testicular neoplasm in apteitns over hte age of 60 years?
testicular lymphoma
28
varicocele
cystic accumulation of blood within the spermatic cord
29
seminoma
30
What substance is usually elaborated when the prostatic carcinoma has metastasize?**(2 points)**
serum acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphate, the latter resulting with osteoblastic metastasis
31
What age range do you see the peak incidence of seminomas? What is the size and general shape of the cell? What is the description of the cytoplasm?**(2 points)** What is the description of the nucleus?**(2 points)**
You see the peak incidence in the fourth decade of life; large polyhedral cells; abundant and clear cytoplasm with glycogen present in cytoplasm; large nucleus with prominent nucleioli
32
mature teratoma
33
How do you treat benign prostatic hypertrophy?**(1-2 points)**
5α-reductase inhibitor or transurethral resection
33
osteoblastic bone lesions
34
Squamous cell carcioma of the male reproductive tract: incidence, it has indirect correlations with incidence of what procedure? What is the aetiology of the diseaes? What is the gross anatomical appearance of the lesion?(**2-3 points**) What is the location of the lesion?**(2 points)**
1% incidence; circumcision; HPV Type 16 and 18; ulceroinfiltrative exophytic verrucous lesion; glands or shaft
34
Trabecular Bladder
36
phimosis
36
lymphatic fluid in the tunica vaginalis
chylocele
36
What type of bacterial prostatitis: long standing or recurrent infection, may be asymptomatic or associated with low back pain and dysuria?
chronic bacterial prostatis
38
Hydrocele
clear serous transilluminating fluid accumulating within the tunica vaginalis
39
Are most cases of benign prostatic hypertrophy symptomatic or asymptomatic? What percentage reuqire surgery? What race is affeted 10 years earlier than the other: black or white? This is related to what hormonal imbalance?
symptomatic; 5-10%; blacks are affeted 10 years earlier than whites; there is sensitization for DHT and estrogen
40
Yolk Sac Tumor
41
embryonal carcinoma
Little tubules
42
Erythroplasia of Queyrat: what is the gross anatomical apperance and location of lesion?(**3-5 points**) What is the histology of the epithelia, generally speaking? What is the severity of the disease?
red, soft plaque of the prepuce or the glans; carcinoma in-situ
44
phimosis
abnormally small orifice in the prepuce
46
cyctisc accumulation of blood within the spermatic cord
varicocele
46
Acute bacterial prostatis are associted with what type of organisms? How do these organisms spread to the prostate?**(2-3 points) **The patients usually present with what symptoms?**(3-5 points)**
Organisms causing urinary tract infection; direct extension, hemotagenous spread or lymphatic spread; fever, chills, dysuria, boggy and markedly tender prostate
47
Yolk Sac Tumor
49
Balanoposthitis
non-specific inflammation of hte glans penis and prepuce
50
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
51
Carcinoma of the prostate
52
Cryptorchidism: incidence in male population? What is the aetiology for most cases? What is the aetiology for the other cases?**(2-4 points)** Does it affect both testes are just one testes?
0.7% incidence in male population; most cases it is idiopathic; other cases are caused by genetic abnormalitiesl ike trisomy 13, narrow inguinal canal or shortened spermatic cord; most cases the affect is unilateral
53
represents failure of descent
cryptorchidism
54
The histological changes you see in cryptorchism could be seen as early as what age?
two years of age
55
Nodular Hyperplasia
56
Non-specific inflammation of the glans penis and prepuce
Balanoposthitis
57
Carcinoma of the prostate
When it is poorly differentiated, you will see the pleomorphic figures and the mitotic figures.
58
Granulomatos (autoimmune) orchitis: onset? what type testicular mass? What do you find withi nthe testicular tubules?**(3-4 points)**
sudden onset; tender type of testicular mass; granulomas witthin testicular tubules and surrounding connective tissue along with lymphocuyte, plasma cells and neutrophils
60
Bowenoid papulosis: what is the appearance of the lesions? what is the aetiology of the diseaes?
multipigmented lesion; HPV type 16 association
62
What are the causes of testciular atrophy?**(2-4 points)**
cryptorchidism, vascular diseae, inflammatory disorcer and hypopituitarism
63
Nodular Hyperplasia
64
Yolk Sac Tumor: what is the microscopic apperance of the tumor?**(1-3 points) **How do you stain?
primitive glomerular-like structures which represent endodermal sinuses(Schiller-Duval Bodies); alphafetoprotein stain or alpha-1-antitrypsin
66
What age do you have the peak incidence for germ cell tumors? Germ cell tumor is more common in what racial group: blacks or whites? What is the classification and histogenesis of germ cell tumors?**(2 points) **The majority have what type of histological pattern?
14-34 years old; more common in white people; single histologic pattern or mixed histological pattern; the majority of cases have a single histological pattern
67
hydrocele
68
What is the most common form of cancer in males? It occurs predominantly in men over what age? It is more common in what races and less common in what race? What are the hormonal relationships?
prostatic carcinoma; over the age of 50 years old; it is more common in blacks and whites less common in asian population; administration of estrogen and castration
69
embryonal carcinoma
Due to the fact that it is aggressive you see areas of hemorrhage and necrosis.
71
ACute Epididymitis - GC
72
Clear serous transilluminating accumulation within the tunica vaginalis
hydrocele
74
What is the microscopic appearance for tumors of the male reproductive tract: pigment of the skin(**2 points)**, nucleus and the cell?
There is hyperkeratosis and acanthosis of the skin in the male reproductive tract; there is rentention of polarity in the nucleus and there is koliocytosis
74
What is fusion of testis?
synchorism
76
torsion of the testis
77
What type of tumor: contains elements that represent more than one germ layer
teratoma
78
Carcinoma of the prostate
79
What are accompanying conditions you see with seminomas?**(2 points) **What is the general size and specific shape of the cell?**(2 points)** What is the description of the cytoplasm?**(2 points)**
lymphocytic infiltrations and granulomas; large polyhedral cell; abundant and clear cytoplasm with glycogen deposits present in the cytoplasm
80
Gonorrhea primarily affect what portion of the male reproductive tract? How does Mumps affect the male reproductive tract? How does syphillis affect the male reproductive tract? How does tuberculosis affect the male reproductive tract?
epididiymis; Mumps is an orchitis; syphillis is at first an orchitis but secondarily causes epididiymitis; Tubuerculosis initially an epididymitis with a secondary orchitis
81
What are the clinically significant features when it comes to cryptorchidism?**(2-4 points)**
infertility, exposed to trauma, usually accompanied by inguinal canal, testicular neoplasms
82
What specific portion of the prostate is affected in BPH?**(3 points)**
the inner periurethral portion of the prostate along with the lateral and medial invovlement
83
sertoli cell tumor
85
Embryonal Carcinoma: the peak incidence of this tumor is found in what age range? What is the relative agressiveness when compared to seminoma? What is description of the cells?**(2-5 points)**
20-30 years old; embryonal carcinomas are more aggressive than seminomas; cells in glandular, alveolar or tubular patterns with papillary convolutions at times
86
Where do prostatic carcinomas grow in the prostate?**(2 points) **What is the relationship to urinary tract obstruction? What is the consistency of the lesion? What is the microscopic apperance of hte glands?**(3 points)**
posterior aspect of the peripheral zone; there is no relationship to urinary tract obstruction; the lesions are "stony" hard; back to back glandular proliferation, single layer of cells surorund glands and there are varied levels of differentiation of the cells
87
Synchorism
fusion of testis
89
How does cryptorchidism affect testes reproductive function? What are the morphological changes of the spermatic tubules?**(2 points)** What are the morphological changes of the other tissue?** **What cells are affected and how are they affected?
there is arrest in spermatogenesis; there is marked hyalinization and basement membrane thickening of the spermatic tubules; there is interstitial fibrosis; there is Leydig cell hyperplasia
90
What is the pathogenesis of germ cell tumors?**(2-3 points)**
Cryptorchidism, testicular dysgenesis and genetic factors
92
Normal on the left and atrophic testis on the right
93
Tuberculous Orchitis
95
What condition is associated with marked Leydig Cell hyperplasia?
Klenfelter's Syndrome
97
embryonal carcinoma
The arrow is pointing to the the blood vessel. It is showing you metastasis.
98
What is the incidence of Leydig (interstitial) cell tumors when compared to all of the testicular tumors? Most occurs between what age range? What type of substances may they elaborate? What are the typical microscopic features?**(2 points)**
2% out of all testicular tumors; 20-60 years old convey the peak incidence; they may elaborate androgens; typicaly microscopic features are eosinophilic Reink crystalloids and lipochrome pigment
99
spermatocele
cyctic collection of semen within the spermatic cord
100
Bowen's Disease: this occurs over what age? How is the epithelium affected, generally speaking? How severe is the cancer?(2 points) It's associated with what?
Bowen's disease occurs over the age of 35; there is marked epithelial atypia; it is a carcinoma-in-situ but 10% of the cases transition to invasive cancer; it is associated with visceral malignancy
101
What carcinoma-in-situ is associated with visceral malignancy: erythroplasia of Queyrat or Bowen's disease?
Bowen's disease
102
Carcinoma of the prostate
103
What are the other causes of testicular atrophy?**(2-4 points)**
radiation and chemotherapy, malnutrition, Klinefelter's syndrome and elevated lelve of female sex hormone
104
cytic collection of semen in the spermatic cord
spermatocele
105
Nodular Hyperplasia
106
Cryptorchidism increases the risk of testicular neoplasms by what amount?
10-40 fold increased risk
107
What is the most common testicular neoplasm in infants and children?
Yolk Sac Tumor
108
Normal testis on the left and atrophic testis on the right
109
What is an example of a seminoma variant? What general age group do you see a significant incidence? Does it metastasize? What type of tumor cells?
Spermatocytic seminoma; older people; no tendency to metastasize; tumr cells that resemble secondary spermatocyte
110
condyloma acuminatum
111
What type of test are used to evaluate the growth of carcinoma of the prostate? What are its disadvantages?
PSA, prostate specfiic antigen. The levels are also elevated in other prostatic conditions not related to carcinomas
112
Chylocele
lymphatic fluid in the tunica vaginalis
113
variety of organisms including anerobic bacteria and pyrogenic bacteria?
non-specific inflammation
114
hypospadias
115
What is the microscopic appearance of squamous cell carcinoma of the male reproductive tract?**(1-2 points)** How severe is the disease? What is the five-year survival rate for all stages?
Varying degree of differentiation with keratin pearls; distant metastases is uncommon; 70% five year survivial rate
117
bone metastasis
118
urethral orifice involving the dorsal surface
epispadias
