Imaging in Inflammatory Disorders & Infection

Question 1

<p>What are different kinds of molecular imaging?</p>

Answer 1

<p>Radionuclide imaging (CT/X ray)</p>

<p>Positron emission tomography (PET)</p>

<p>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)</p>

<p>Optical imaging</p>

Question 2

<p>What is gamma radation?</p>

Answer 2

<p>Occurs due to radioactive decay of unstable isotopes</p>

Question 3

<p>What is radiopharmaceuticals?</p>

Answer 3

<p>A combination of radioactive element and a pharmaceutical element</p>

Question 4

<p>What are the properties of an ideal isotope?</p>

Answer 4

<p>Half-life similar to length of examination</p>

<p>Gamma emitter, rather than alpha or beta</p>

<p>Energy of gamma rays should be 50-300keV</p>

<p>Readily available at hospital site</p>

<p>Easily bound to pharmaceuitcal component</p>

Question 5

<p>What are common radiopharmaceuticals?</p>

Answer 5

<p>Hydroxyl-diphosphonate (bone)</p>

<p>Dimercapto-succinic acid (kidney)</p>

<p>Hexamethyl-propine amine oxime (brain)</p>

<p>Macroaggregated albumin (lung)</p>

Question 6

<p>What is hydroxyl-diphosphonate used to scan?</p>

Answer 6

<p>Bone</p>

Question 7

<p>What is dimercapto-succinic acid used to scan?</p>

Answer 7

<p>Kidney</p>

Question 8

<p>What is hexamethyl-propine amine oxime used to scan?</p>

Answer 8

<p>Brain</p>

Question 9

<p>What is macroaggregated albumin used to scan?</p>

Answer 9

<p>Lung</p>

Question 10

<p>What is a gamma camera used for?</p>

Answer 10

<p>To detect gamma rays and convert them into an image</p>

Question 11

<p>What is the process of a gamma camera?</p>

Answer 11

<p>1) Nuclear energy is inside the nucleus of the radioactive element</p>

<p>2) Gamma electromagnetic energy (gamma ray is emitted from the patient)</p>

<p>3) Image crystal produces flashes of light</p>

<p>4) Converted into electrical energy to display an image</p>

Question 12

<p>What does the image quality of a gamma camera depend on?</p>

Answer 12

<p>Radiation dose</p>

<p>Collimator</p>

<p>Metal objects</p>

<p>Proximity of area of interest to the camera</p>

Question 13

<p>What is SPECT?</p>

Answer 13

<p>Single proton emission computed tomography</p>

Question 14

<p>What is a SPECT scan?</p>

Answer 14

<p>A nuclear version of a CT scan where the camcer is roated around an area of interest</p>

Question 15

<p>What does PET stand up for?</p>

Answer 15

<p>Positron emission tomography</p>

Question 16

<p>What is a PET scan?</p>

Answer 16

<p>Uses nucleotide decay by positron emission</p>

Question 17

<p>What does a proton breakdown into during a PET scan?</p>

Answer 17

<p>Proton breaks down into a neutron and a positron</p>

Question 18

<p>How many detectors does a PET scan use?</p>

Answer 18

<p>2 detectors that capture the gamma ray at each side of the patient and are used to create an image</p>

Question 19

<p>What are common PET radionuclides and their half lifes?</p>

Answer 19

<p>¹⁸F 110 minutes</p>

<p>¹¹C 20 minutes</p>

<p>¹³N 10 minutes</p>

<p>¹⁵O 2 minutes</p>

Question 20

<p>What is¹⁸F?</p>

Answer 20

<p>Flurodeoxy glucose</p>

Question 21

<p>What is the process of¹⁸F (flurodeoxy glucose) uptake?</p>

Answer 21

<p>Up taken like glucose being broken down into similar chemicals, stopping at¹⁸FDG-6-P (equivalent of glucose6-phosphate)</p>

Question 22

<p>What is FDG taken up by?</p>

Answer 22

<p>Brain</p>

<p>Myocardium</p>

<p>Stomach</p>

<p>Liver</p>

<p>Spleen</p>

<p>Colon</p>

<p>Urinary tract</p>

Question 23

<p>What is the main risk of using radiation?</p>

Answer 23

<p>It is ionising and can induce cancer</p>

Question 24

<p>What is the benefit of using radiation?</p>

Answer 24

<p>The contributions to treatment and diagnosis of the patient</p>

Question 25

<p>How does the equilvalent dose compare for different kinds of imaging?</p>

Answer 25

<p>They have different equivalent doses with different risks of developing cancer in your lifetime</p>