immigration culture

Question 1

what are some push factors to come to canada

Answer 1

war, family, search for better life

Question 2

how many immigrants go to vancover, montreal toronto

Answer 2

 Primary reasons immigrants choose Canada:
 Quality of life‐32%
 A desire to be closer to family & friends‐20%
 Future prospects for their family ‐18%
 The peaceful nature of the country‐9%
 Majority of immigrants in Canada settle in medium
to large urban areas
 Combined pops of Montreal, Toronto & Vancouver make up 34%
of Canada & 69% of Canada’s immigrants
 Immigrants choose Toronto for job op

Question 3

what are some pull factors

Answer 3

education, job op

Question 4

when were there the most immigration

Answer 4

400 000 in 1910ish due to war
in recession in 1940- almost nothing
from 1960 pretty steady 250 000 a year

Question 5

where are most immigrants from-

Answer 5

asia and middle east, africa

Question 6

in saskatchewan where are the most from

Answer 6

europe then sia and middle east

Question 7

how has immigrants with degreesn changed from the 90s

Answer 7

recent immigrant are around 50% while Canadian borns is around 20- in health care we need to kknow that they are likely very educated - treat them equal

Question 8

after immigration what happens with their health

Answer 8

gets worse in canada over time

Question 9

Barriers to the health care systems

for immigrants

Answer 9

Decrease in socioeconomic status,
• Loss of social networks,
• Poor working conditions associated with ‘deskilling’
– We don’t recognize an immigrant’s education, (exmaple doctors come over and need to wait a couple years and take tests and become delivery men)
• Difficulty speaking the country’s native language
• Low cultural competency of health care providers – Cross‐cultural adaptations , insufficient for many translated health assessment scales

Question 10

cultural competency

Answer 10

when doctirs arent familiar with their traditional health practices • If healthcare providers & their patients are to
interact effectively, they must move beyond both
cultural sensitivity & cultural biases that create
barriers.
• A culturally competent clinician views all patients as
unique individuals & realizes that their experiences,
beliefs, values, and language affect their perceptions
of clinical service delivery, acceptance of a diagnosis,
and compliance. Cultural competency is the ability to
think,
feel
act
in ways that acknowledge, respect, & build
upon ethnic, (socio) cultural, and linguistic
diversity,”

Question 11

barrieres to health care

Answer 11

gender, cultural competencies, lack of familiarity. cost, work/transportation/ child car challenges

Question 12

how can we improve access to care

Answer 12

identify stakeholders, equity not equality

Question 13

culture blocks to cross- cultural relationship

Answer 13

ehtnocentrism, stereotype, blindness (we dont know how to act with them), imposition, fear, lack of experiences, discrimination, opression, prejudice

Question 14

the stages of cultural awareness

Answer 14

blindness (unconciously unaware)to sensitivity (consciously unaware) to competence( counsiouly aware) to proficiency (uncounsiously aware)

Question 15

lack of cultural knowledge associates with

Answer 15

lack of active compliance,
– social resistance
– legal challenges

Question 16

Why is cultural competency so

important?

Answer 16

• Cultural competence is important because:
– It reduces disparities in health services and
increases detection of culture specific diseases
– It addresses inequitable access to primary health
care
– It impacts health status of culturally diverse
communities
– It responds to Saskatchewan’s changing
demographics – an increasingly diverse
population

Question 17

Common Issues Impacting Access to Primary Health Care

Raised by Nova Scotia’s Culturally Diverse Communities

Answer 17

• Discrimination: 20% of first generation Canadians who are visibly
diverse report unfair treatment compared to 5% of first generation
Canadians who are not visibly diverse
• A lack of race, ethnic, & language specific health data
• Limited outreach to culturally diverse communities
• A need for cultural health interpretation and bilingual services in primary health care settings
• A need for more representation of culturally diverse communities among primary health care professions
• Too few health services provided in plain language
– Written health material are not always provided in plain language or different languages
• There is need for recognition and respect of the prominent role of
spirituality in many culturally diverse populations
• There is a need for delivery of culturally competent primary
health care

Question 18

what is the Healthy immigrant effect)

Answer 18

The health status of immigrants is high upon
their arrival (Healthy immigrant effect) but
declines toward that of the Canadian‐born
population within only a few years

Question 19

what are the theory of the healthy immigrant effects

Answer 19

• Perceived health (the way that you judge your health),
• Acculturation
• Improved access to healthcare over time post
entry

Question 20

Interaction theory

Answer 20

health outcomes are influenced by
predisposing factors including genetics, pre‐
and post‐migration stressors and individual
and social resources
• ‘healthy immigrant effect’ is insufficient to
describe the complexity of issues immigrants
face upon migration

Question 21

acculturation

Answer 21

• Acculturation
– Process by which immigrants adopt the attitudes,
values, customs, beliefs and behaviors of a new
culture
• Assumptions of most models
– Linear, directional:loss of original culture with
greater acculturation
– Conflict, anxiety
– Original cultural diminished

Question 22

if high in 2 culture

Answer 22

bicultural

Question 23

if high in native culture but not in new culture

Answer 23

unacultured

Question 24

if low in native culture and high in new culture

Answer 24

acculturated

Question 25

if low in both new and native

Answer 25

marginal

Question 26

the acculturatoin curve

Answer 26

honey moone stage to the culture shock to the readjustment

Question 27

dietary acculturation

Answer 27

The process by which immigrants adopt the
dietary practices of the host country. Immigration at amakes children more likely to
assimilate to a new culture
• Traditional food items: expensive or unavailable
• Western foods=high fat, sugar & salt, appeals to:
• Newcomer children: easily influenced
• Newcomer parents: value convenience & easy prep
• Results in predisposition to chronic conditions

Question 28

what age group is most susseptible to acculturation

Answer 28

children, can pick it up faster, peer presuure, not much history of traditional practices

Question 29

Acculturation and Health

Answer 29

• Acculturation to the majority culture in Western countries
increases the likelihood of:
– Becoming obese,
– Increased blood cholesterol levels
– Likelihood of developing hypertension
– Heart disease
– developing type 2 diabetes
– Some cancers
– Adolescent pregnancy
– Smoking, alcohol consumption, illegal drug use
– Decreased fiber consumption; calcium, Iron, protein
– Increased fat and sodium intake
– Depressive symptoms

Question 30

immigrant vs. refugee

Answer 30

Immigrant Refugee
 Comes to a new country to
take up permanent residence
 Choice
 Greater income
 Greater SES
 Higher education.
has researched and prepared have a plan.
refugees: persecuted for reason of race religion nationality member of a social group or political opinion unable or unwilling to return to country of birth due to fear for safety:
 no choice, little or no income , lower ses, little to no education

Question 31

Health issues among immigrants

Answer 31

• Declines in self‐assessed physical and mental
health are observed amongst immigrants in as little as two years after arrival
• Within 4 years after arrival, the proportion of
immigrants reporting fair or poor health almost
triple.
• Objective measurements show declining health
among immigrants after arrival (e.g. chronic
conditions, prevalence obesity)