Immune Articles 2017-2019

Question 1

2019 JAVMA What is precursor targeted IMA and how long did it take for immunosuppression to be effective

Answer 1

Non-regenerative anemia with immunospression at the level of the bone marrow
~4 weeks for regenerative response

Question 2

2019 JVIM consensus for IMHA Diagnosis: What does lack of regeneration indicated

Answer 2

30% of IMHA are not regenerative at diagnosis

Question 3

2019 JVIM consensus for IMHA Diagnosis: Why might a PCV be more valuable for diagnosis than HCT

Answer 3

HCT (calculated) is unreliable with agglutination

Question 4

2019 JVIM consensus for IMHA Diagnosis: what are the signs of hemolysis and how many are needed to support IMHA

Answer 4

> 2 signs
Spherocytes (dogs only)
Positive saline agglut with out washing
positive coombs or flow cytometry
-- positive SAT that persists after washing

Question 5

2019 JVIM consensus for IMHA Diagnosis: What are signs of hemolysis and how many are needed to support IMHA

Answer 5

> 1 sign
hyperbilirubinemia (hyperbilirubinuria) with out concurrent disease
Hemoglobinemia
Hemoglobinuria
Erythrocyte ghosts

Question 6

2019 JVIM consensus for IMHA Diagnosis: What infectious agents are likely associated with IMHA in dogs and cats

Answer 6

Babesia gibosoni - dogs

babesia felis- cats
mycoplasma haemofelis- cats

Question 7

2019 JVIM consensus for IMHA Diagnosis: What testing is recommended for dogs and cats (infectious)

Answer 7

Dogs: Babesia gibosoni, D. Immitis; other endemic infections
Cats: Babesia felis (endemic areas only); M. Haemofelis, FeLV/FIV

Question 8

2019 JVIM consensus for IMHA Treatment in dogs: What is the preferred fluid to improve oxygen delivery?

Answer 8

pRBCs > whole blood&raquo_space;» bovine hemoglobin solutions

Question 9

2019 JVIM consensus for IMHA Treatment in dogs: What are reasons that bovine hemoglobin solutions not recommended unless only available

Answer 9

scavange nitric oxide potentially activating platelets causing vasoconstriction which increases risk of hypertension
Greater colloid osmotic pressure than RBCs

Question 10

2019 JVIM consensus for IMHA Treatment in dogs: What is the first line recommendation for immunosuppression

Answer 10

Prednisone 2-3 mg/kg/day or > 25 kg 50-60 mg/m2/day

Question 11

2019 JVIM consensus for IMHA Treatment in dogs: When is IV immunglobin recommended

Answer 11

If 2 or more immunosuppressives and failing to respond (5-7 days) as a salvage measure
May decrease time to normal PCV, and Decrease transfusion requirements

Question 12

2019 JVIM consensus for IMHA Treatment in dogs: When is thromboprophylaxis recommended

Answer 12

All as long as platelets > 30k/mcL (some 50K)

Question 13

JVIM 2019 What were findings that were common in animals positive for Erlichia Ewingii

Answer 13

Renal disease, IMHA, Protienuria

Infects granulocytes

Question 14

JVIM 2019 C6 borrelia positive dogs were more likely to have what findings

Answer 14

Immune complex glomerulonephritis (on all histo)
thrombocytopenia, azotemia, hyper phosph, anemia, neutrophillia
Hematuria, glucosuria, pyuria

Question 15

JVIM 2019 What treatment showed success in 3 dogs with pythosis

Answer 15

Itraconazole, terbinafine, prednisone- anti-inflammatory

Question 16

JVIM 2019 How did a POC for cryptococcus do compared to a agglutination test

Answer 16

as good as.

Question 17

JVIM 2019 What were the common findings with dogs positive for trypanosoma cruzi

Answer 17

Increase positive if littermate/housemate positive; more likely to have ventricular arrhythmias, younger dogs

Question 18

CCM 2011 What did the RDW indicate for a population of critically ill people

Answer 18

Red blood cell distribution width
Increase resulted in increased risk for all cause mortality
Increased with more likely to have blood stream infection

Question 19

JVIM 2015 What was associated with a poor outcome in dogs with IMHA

Answer 19

CHAOS score > 3

ASA > 3, creatinine, urea, bilirubin

Question 20

JAVMA 2011 What led to a poor outcome in IMTP

Answer 20

melena and increase BUN at admission

Question 21

JAVMA 2016 What breeds were comprised 50% of the cases of splenic torsion

Answer 21

GSD, Great danes, english bulldogs

Question 22

JAVMA 2016 What increased the risk of death in splenic torsion

Answer 22

spetic peritonitis
Introperative hemorrhage
Post op development of respiratory distress

Question 23

JAVMA 2017 In cuterebral infections what was noted in typical cases and what was found in dogs that died

Answer 23

Small breed dogs—> yorkies

DIC SIRS

Question 24

Two 2017 studies (JAVMA/JVECC) compared outpatient to inpatient parvo viral treatment what was the mortality rates

Answer 24

JAVMA 25% mortality

JVECC 20% (OP was in hosp receiving sq injections)

Question 25

JVECC 2017 How did anti inflammatories for pulmonary blasto affect outcome

Answer 25

did not decrease 30 day survival | Need for O2 supplementation did decrease survival

Question 26

JVIM 2017 In IMHA what is suspected to lead to increased cell free DNA

Answer 26

likely due to release and not impoaired degredation as DNAase activity is normal

Question 27

JVIM 2017 What was noted in 92% of dogs with immune mediated disease

Answer 27

Vitamin D insuffiency

Question 28

JVIM 2017 what biomarkers may be used for disease monitoring in IMHA

Answer 28

TK1 and c-CRP

Question 29

JVIM 2017 What dose of leflunomide is recommended and why

Answer 29

2 mg/kg/day as higher doses had more side effects

Question 30

JVIM 2017 Based on Rotem fidnings what mechanism of bleeding in proposed for angiostrongylus vasorum

Answer 30

hyperfinbrinolysis with hypofibringenemia

Question 31

2017 JVIM what findings with VCM testing and leptospirosis

Answer 31

Hypo and hyper coaguable profiles | Hypo- more likely to bleed and increase mortality rate

Question 32

JVIM 2017 what was found to incrase risk of opportunistic fungal infections in dogs treated for immunted mediated disease

Answer 32

cyclosporin and male dogs

Question 33

2017 Vet journal What was the increase of fecal shedding of CPV after vaccinations and how long was it noted for

Answer 33

went from 2% to 23% and up to 28 days

Question 34

2018 AJVR how does IMHA effect peak flow velocity at the caudal vena cava

Answer 34

Increased

Question 35

JAVMA 2018 in feline panleukopenia what was associated with improved outcome and what was associated with non survival

Answer 35

amoxi/clav, antiparasitics, and maropitant associated with survival Glucose infusion associated with non survival

Question 36

JVIM 2018 What were the factors that led to increased bacterial colonization of IV catheters

Answer 36

staff experience and steroid anti-inflammatory

Question 37

JVIM 2018 What bacteria was most likely cultured for bacterial colonization of IV catheters

Answer 37

Acinetobacter (biofilm former), Klebsella

Question 38

JVIM 2018 what alterations are noted in critically ill of the immune system

Answer 38

result in reduced respiratory burst function and cytokine production despite up regulation of TLR-4

Question 39

JVIM 2018 The Witness test what immunoglobin and when were all dogs positive

Answer 39

IgM, by day 10

Question 40

JVIM 2018 what was the name of the clinical bleeding score in dogs with ITP

Answer 40

DogiBAT

Question 41

JVIM 2018 How did anally admistered fecal transplant alter survival/ factors with CPV

Answer 41

No survival difference stat: 21.1 vs 36% | Shorter hospitalization and faster resolution of diarrhea