Parmacology articles and phys 2017-2019 Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Parmacology articles and phys 2017-2019 Deck (34)
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1
Q

AJVR 2017 What is the recommended dosing interval for prophylatic cefazolin and for which microorganisms

A

q 4 hrs at a dose of 22 mg/kg

For Staphy and strep…. not for E.coli

2
Q

JVIM 2017 What was found in dogs with oral solution vs capsule itraconazole

A

In dogs either is exceptable for concentration
Start with loading dose of 20 mg/kg followed by 10 mg/kg dose
Cats need oral solution

3
Q

2017 Vet journal Equine common bacteria how effective were local anesthetics at antimicrobial growth

A

Lidocaine, bupivicane and mepivacaine were all effective as local antimicrobials—- and may later culture data if injected locally

4
Q

JVIM 2017 In a PK study of dogs was noted about dose in larger dogs and the recommended break point

A

Larger dogs on same dose acheived lower blood concentrations

At dose of 25 mg/kg recommend break point of 0.06 mcg/ml based on acheivable concentration

5
Q

JVECC 2019 What is the difference in PK and PD

A

Pharmacockinetics is the effect the body has on the drug

Pharmacodynamics is the effect the drug has on the body (and organism)

6
Q

JVECC 2019 What are the two principle factors of PK

A

Volume of distribution and drug clearance

7
Q

JVECC 2019 define volume of distribution

A

the degree of dispersion of antimicrobial from the circulation to the surrounding tissue

8
Q

JVECC 2019 what does increasing Vd lead to

A

Concentration at the target tissue to be lower… seen with increasing illness severity

9
Q

JVECC 2019 are hydrophilic or lipophilic or both likely to be affected by volume of distrubition in cirtical illness

A

Only hydrophillic- may require a loading dose

10
Q

JVECC 2019 What are the cell wall synthesis inhibitors

A

Penicillins, cephalosporins, vancomycin, carbapenems, monobactam, bacitracin
Hydrophilic
Route of clearance: Renal

11
Q

JVECC 2019 What are the 30s subunit protien synthesis inhibitors

A

prevent mRNA translocation
Aminoglyicosides: Hydrophilic, Renal excretion
Tetracyclines: Lipophilic, renal/hepatic excretion

12
Q

JVECC 2019 What are the 50s subunit protein synthesis inhibitors

A

Macrloides, chloramphenicol, clindamycin
Lipophilic
Hepatic excretion

13
Q

JVECC 2019 What are the DNA syntehsis inhibitors (gyrase and toposimerase

A

Fluorquinolones
Metronidazolen ( reduction in cell, ROS, and DNA)
Lipophilic
Renal/hepatic excretion

14
Q

JVECC 2019 What are RNA synthesis inhibitors

A

Rifampin
Lipophilic
Hepatic excretion

15
Q

JVECC 2019 Define augmented renal clearance

A

The GFR in critically ill patients without AKI will increase due to increased CO and decreased SVR therefore get increased in renal excretion of renally excreted abx

16
Q

JVECC 2019 Define MIC

A

Lowest concentration of an abx agent that will inhibit visible growth of a microgranism after overnight incubation

17
Q

JVECC 2019 define time dependent antibiotics

A

Killing is when the drug concentration is above the MIC— time above MIC matters
Max killing about 4-5 times MIC

18
Q

JVECC 2019 define concentration dependent antibiotics

A

max effect is when peak exceeds the MIC several times > 8-10 times

19
Q

JVECC 2019 List time dependent with no or minimal post abx effect

A

Penicilling/cephalasporins/ vancomycin, monobactams, carbapenems

20
Q

JVECC 2019 List concentration dependent with post abx effect

A

aminoglycocides
Fluorquinolones
Metronidazole
azithromycin

21
Q

JVECC 2019 List time dependent, concentration enhanced with post abx effect

A

Clindamycin
erythromycin
linezolid
tetracyclines

22
Q

JVECC 2019 List an antibiotic with only gram negative activity

A

aminoglycosides

23
Q

JVECC 2019 List an antibitoic with anaerobic gram positive and negative activity

A

metronidazole, clindamycin

24
Q

JVECC 2019 List antibiotics with 4 quadrant coverage

A

carbapenems, chloramphenicol

Some sources: TMS, Potentiated penicillins (amoxi/clav)

25
Q

JVECC 2019 List antibiotics with gram positive activity regardless of aerobic/anaerobic

A

penicillins, vancomycin, linezolid

clindamycin

26
Q

JVECC 2019 List antibiotics that have both aerobic gram positive and gram negative bacteria

A

Tetracyclines
Macrolides
Fluroquinolones
Increasing to more gram (-) activity 1-4th gen cephalsporins

27
Q

JVIM 2019 What is carbapenems a critically important antibioic generally used for

A

MDR enterobacteriace (E.Coli, salmonella)

28
Q

JVIM 2019 What side effects from vancomycin IV was found in animals

A

16% developed AKI but were not able to tell if abx or other nephrotoxic drugs, or disease process
No animals developed neutropenia

29
Q

2019 AJVR What dose of levofloxacin was recommended for healthy beagles and for which microbes might it be used for

A

Enterobacteriace, and pseudomonas

25 mg/kg orally once daily

30
Q

What is the MOA for galiprant

A

blocks PGE2 receptor EP4

31
Q

Which cox is inducible and which is constitutve

A

Both Cox 1 and 2 are both

32
Q

What does Cox 1 produce

A

PGE2 and thromboxane A2

33
Q

What does Cox 2 produce

A

PGE2, Prostacyclin (PGI2) and aspirin triggered lipoxin

34
Q

What is the cause of renal injury secondary to NSAID use

A

Results from inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis