Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Board Review 2020 > Reproduction > Flashcards

Reproduction Flashcards

(54 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

How is progesterone related to pregnancy?

A

Progesterone required to maintain (> 2 ng/ml) preganancy but not markedly different than non pregnant females

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What signals parturition

A

Fetal:
Cortisol released from fetus increased maternal estrogen.
Increase in proteins for contraction and prostagladin release
PGE2 resultes in lysis of corups luteum which causes decrease in progesterone and increase in prolactin
Within 24 hours of progesterone drop.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What stimulates oxytocin release

A

Released due to pressure placed on cervix and released from postieor pituitary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the stages of parturition

A

1) 6-12 hrs, Increase PGF2 Alpha, Decrese progesterone
Sublinical contractions, cervix dilation, nesting
2) 2-12 hrs (cats up to 24 hrs); increase relaxin, oxytocin
Overt abdominal contractions / expulsion of fetus from vaginal canal
3) varies (5-15 minutes) Oxytocin
Placenta expulsion, uterine involution

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How do singletons increase risk of dystocia

A

less leutolytic hormone

No drop in prepartum progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the clinical categories for dystocia

A

Failure to begin stage 2 labor
cessation of stage 2 labor before complete
prolonged unproductive labor stage 2
apparently normal stage 2 labor with fetal distress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define dystocia

A

difficult birth or inability to expel fetus through the birth canal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do you categorize fetal presentation

A

Presenation: anterior, posterior, transverse
Position: fetal spine in relation to dams pelvis
Posture: How fetus head and limbs are positioned to its body
40% bor posterior position dogs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are maternal causes for dystocia

A

uterine inertia, stress/environement, heriditary, decreased calcium, inadequate oxytocin
abnormal pelvic canal, uterine prolapse/torsion, vaginal stricture mass

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are fetal causes for dystocia

A

malpresenation, fetal death (decreased cortisol release), Oversize, fetal malformation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

When should evaluation for dystocia occur

A

Systemic illness
Stage 1 for > 12 hours no progression
No puppy after 2 hours of stage 2 labor
Forceful contractions for 30 min with no fetus
Uteroverdin in vaginal discharge but no puppy/kitten within 2 hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a normal fetal heart rate

A

200-220

< 180 = stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are indications for medical management of dystocia

A

Labor not progloned
cervix dilated
fetal size is within limits for vaginal delivery
Obstructive causes have been ruled out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the treatment to medically manage dystocia

A

Correct electrolytes, hypoglycemia, hypocalcemia

Oxyttocin 0.5-2 IU SC, IM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define eclampsia

A

acute depletion of ionized calcium in the extracellular compartment during the peripartum period

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are risk factors for eclampsia

A

young primiparous bitches

2-4 weeks post partum most common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the treatment for eclampsia and side effects

A

10% calcium gluconate 1.0-1.5 ml/kg d 2.5 ml/kg cat over 30 minutes
Vomit, bradycardia, QT shortenng, arrhythmia if given too fast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Why are steroids contraindicated in ecamplsia treatment

A

Decrease Ca absorption in GI
enhance renal excretion of Ca
Impair osteoclasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Define metritis

A

ascending bacterial infection associated with partuition. Occurs with low serum progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the risk factors with metritis

A

abortion, dystocia, obstruction, obsetric manipulation, retained fetus / placenta, urterine prolapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the common types of bacteria with metritis?

A

E. Coli, Staphylococcus, streptococcus, proteus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the return to fertility with metritis

Study These Flashcards
A

Good as not associated with underlying uterine pathology like pyometra

23
Q

How does mastitis occur in dogs

Study These Flashcards
A

ascending infection

Also reported in pseudopregnancy, blastomycosis and myobacterium

24
Q

Does normal milk contain bacteria

Study These Flashcards
A

Yes- small amounts, slightly acidic

25
How can milk pH help determine antibiotic
Acidic- TMS (if pups are not going to nurse) Alkaline- Amoxi/clav Any- enrofloxacin
26
How do you treat non septic non systemically ill mastitis
Warm compress, analgesia, Milk expression
27
What are four reflexes to evaluate neonatal vigor
Dorsal stimulation Righting reflex Suckling reflex Rooting reflex
28
APGAR score what is it in dogs
7-10 no distress better survival than lower 4-6 moder; 0-3 severe Assess Heart rate, respiratory rate/crying, reflex irritability, mobility, mm color
29
What are the risks of ‘swing’ a neonate that is not breathing
head trauma, dropping, aspiration of stomach contents
30
What is the cause of bradycardia in neonates
hypoxemia, hypothermia | Not vagally mediated as does not there until > 4 days of life
31
What is normal USG
1.006- 1.007; glucose and protein found in urine as renal tubules not developed
32
What is anasacara
congenital edema with or without heart disease | Subq edema, intrathoracic / abdominal fluid accumulation
33
What is neonatal isorethrolysis
Kittens with colstral ingestion of a different blood type than their own. Type B Queen with Type A kittens
34
What is juvenile cellulitis
Progressive granulamotous pustular disorder < 4 months generally Found on face and enlarged lymphnodes; sterile supperative arthritis, pyrexia, anorexia steroids +/- grisofolivin
35
What are the contributors to neonatal depression following dystocia
hypoxia, and anesthetic gents given to the dam
36
What are the treatments after vigorous rubbing does not start breathing
Tight fighting mask for breaths at 20-30 cmH2O to expand lungs Intubate use 12-16 ga IV cath if needed Once lungs expanded breathing 30 bpm with no more than 10 cm H2O
37
How is epinephrine used in neonatal resucititation
if respiratory support and chest compressions not fail then give dose
38
How is doxapram used in neonatal resuscitation
controversial Central stimulant, effects diminished with brain hypoxia 0.1 ml IV
39
When is naloxone administered in neonatal resuscitation
Only if dam given opiods before birth. 0.1 mg/kg IV
40
How is at atropine used in neonatal resuscitation
Not used as bradycardia is not vagally mediated
41
What is radiographic evidence of fetal death
Gas in the body cavities or surrounding sekelton Overlap/collapse of fetal bones Alterations of the spatial releationship of bones of the axial skeleton
42
How is heart rate affected by contraction?
Fetal heart will decrease as contraction passes over it.
43
What type of epidural may be considered for c-section
Opiod epidural as it will allow for retaining of motor function
44
Does the uterus have to be closed and how
Does not have to be closed in small study | Should due an inverting pattern either single or double layer
45
What are the types of phimosis described in kittens in JAVMA 2019
Type 1: narrowed preputial orifice with generalized swelling and no penile preputial adhesions Tx: circumfrential preputionplasty Type 2: narrowed preputial orifice with penile preputial adhesions Tx: PU
46
JAVMA 2019 how are serum anti Mullerian hormone and progesterone used to diagnosis ovarian remenent syndrome
If both increased then likley have ORS | If neither are elevated not likely ORS
47
JVIM 2019 What were the characteristics of anemia found in late pregnant bitches
Anemia noted with low colbalamine | increased total iron binding capacity and folate
48
How does pyometra develop
Recent estrus and proceeded by cystic endometrial hyperplasia D 1-4 months after estrus C ~ 4 weeks
49
Describe the medical management of pyometra
PGF2alpha: luetolysis and decrease progesterone levels, leads to cervical opening dinoprost, cloprostenol, alfaprostol Dopamine agonists- off label antiprolactin activity- luteolysis indirectly by decreasing prolactin level
50
What biomarkers are increased with septic pyometra
increase c- reactive protien, serum amyloid A, PGF2 metabolites
51
What hormone was elevated during anestrus
FSH
52
What hormone is elevated during proestrus
Estrogen
53
When is LH elevated
about 1 day prior to ovulation, very end of proestrus
54
What hormone is elevated during estrus
progesterone

Board Review 2020 (37 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions