immune high yield

Question 1

stages of infxn

Answer 1

attachment
replication
spread
shedding/elimination

Question 2

endotoxins

Answer 2

lipopolysaccharides

gram - and listeria monocytogenes

Question 3

exotoxins

Answer 3

proteins
more toxic
all major gram+ except listeria
gram - (vibrio cholera, e coli, subgroups)

Question 4

nosocomial vs iatrogenic

Answer 4

nosocomial: institute given
iatrogenic: provider given

Question 5

host response to chronic viral infxn

Answer 5

reduced # circualting lymphocytes

Question 6

host response to acute viral infxn

Answer 6

lymphocyte proliferation (inc)
reduction of PMNeutrophils in circulation
NK and cytotoxic T cells kill infected cells
infx cells produce interferons
humoral response > IgM/IgG

Question 7

host response to acute bacterial infxn

Answer 7

inc neutrophils

lymphocyte dec

Question 8

host response to chronic bacterial infxn

Answer 8

dec neutrophils

inc monocytes

Question 9

fungal infxn

Answer 9

delayed hypersensitivty, cell mediated

Question 10

bridge between nonspecific and specific immunity

Answer 10

phagocytes/APC

macrophages, monocytes, PMNs, eosinophils

Question 11

temperature is

Answer 11

sum total of all mitochondrial activity

Question 12

temp brain center

Answer 12

ant hypothalamus

Question 13

what inc set point temp

Answer 13

pyrogens (cause of fever); inc production of IL-1 > hypothalamus

Question 14

what dec set point temp

Answer 14

aspirin, via inhibiting cyclooxygenase

steroids

Question 15

t cells mature in the

Answer 15

thymus

Question 16

spleen role in immunity

Answer 16

detains and inactivates/kills antigens

Question 17

mucosa/GALT role in immunity

Answer 17

enteroendocrine, IgA, peyer patch

Question 18

t cell type of immunity

Answer 18

cell mediated

Question 19

specific immunity cells

Answer 19

neutrophils
monocytes(blood)/macrophages(tissues)
basophils
eosinophils
Blymphocytes
Tlymphocytes

Question 20

B vs T cells

Answer 20

B cells: antibody immunity

T cells: CMI

Question 21

compliment two pathways

Answer 21

classical (activated by antibody-antigen AGAB rxn)

alternate: goes AROUND AG/AB rxn, activates compliment cascade in middle (ct C3 locus) w/o AGAB rxn

Question 22

alpha IF are made by what cells

Answer 22

leukocytes

Question 23

alpha IF actions

Answer 23

inhibits cell (tumor) proliferation, enhances NK growth

Question 24

beta IF are made by what cells

Answer 24

fibroblasts

Question 25

gamma IF are made by what cells

Answer 25

T cells

Question 26

gamma IF actions

Answer 26

``` activates NK, killer T cells activates macrophages (most effective) ```

Question 27

TNF action

Answer 27

pro-inflammatory

Question 28

IL-1 action and secretion

Answer 28

secreted by macrophages and monocytes initiates responses; fever, t cell proliferation

Question 29

IL-2 action and secretion

Answer 29

secreted by CD4 cells promotes cellular immunity; t cell growth, b cell activation

Question 30

IL4 action and secretion

Answer 30

secreted by CD4 cells promotes humoral immunity; B+T growth, MHC expression on B cells, promotes production IgE, IgE

Question 31

IL5 action and secretion

Answer 31

secreted by CD4 cells promotes humoral immunity ; b cell and eosinophil growth

Question 32

IL10 action and secretion

Answer 32

secreted by t cells promotes humoral immunity; regulates immune response class

Question 33

IL11 action and secretion

Answer 33

secreted by fibroblasts megakaryocyte potentiator, stimulates IgG

Question 34

MHC1

Answer 34

presents viral antigen to CD8 T lymphocytes, kiling virally infected cells and cancer cells

Question 35

MHC2

Answer 35

docking protein on macrophage which hooks a CD4 T helper cell to the macrophage

Question 36

haptens

Answer 36

incomplete antigens; unable to stimulate immune response alone

Question 37

CD8 >

Answer 37

MHCI > CD8 > cytotoxic t cells, memory tc cells, suppressor T cells

Question 38

CD4 >

Answer 38

MHCII > CD4 > helper t cells, memory Th cells

Question 39

IgA rxn type

Answer 39

secretory prevents bacteria, virus, toxins from attaching to mucosal linings

Question 40

IgE rxn type

Answer 40

allergy; type I immediate hypersensitivty allergies, parasites

Question 41

IgM rxn type

Answer 41

first responder acute infx, blood type transfusion rxns

Question 42

IgG rxn type

Answer 42

long term most common; focuses NK cells to targetrs passive immunization (gamma globulin injection)

Question 43

type I hypersensitivity rxn

Answer 43

IgE, anaphylaxis

Question 44

type II hypersensitivity rxn

Answer 44

antibody mediated; goodpastures, glomerular antibody rxn

Question 45

type III hypersensitivity rxn

Answer 45

immune complex mediated ag/ab complexes activate compliment; serum sickness

Question 46

type IV hypersensitivity rxn

Answer 46

delayed and cytotoxic types skin test for TB immunity

Question 47

what type of hypersensitivity rxn is autoimmunity

Answer 47

``` humoral (type I-III) cell mediated (IV) ```

Question 48

digeorges syndrome

Answer 48

autoimmune; total absence of cell mediated immunity thymus destroyed; selective t cell deficiency

Question 49

scleroderma/systemic sclerosis

Answer 49

autoimmune response to unknown antigens excessive collagen/fibrosis in microvasculature (skin, GI, kidneys, heart, lungs)

Question 50

sjorgens

Answer 50

dry eyes and mouth from immunologically mediated destruction of lacrimal and salivary glands

Question 51

SLE (lupus)

Answer 51

autoimmune injury to skin, joints, kidney, serosal membranes type III hypersensitivty immune complexes and type II auto antibodies acute onset of chronic remitting and relapsing often febrile disease

Question 52

dermatomyositis vs polymyositis

Answer 52

both inflammatory myopathies. dermatomyositis has skin involvement. both are lease common AI states

Question 53

immunosuppression

Answer 53

loss/impairment of CD4 t cells | infxn of monocytes and macrophages