msk high yield Flashcards by tia meechan

Spinal level/location of:
Hyoid bone
Cricoid cartilage
Thyroid cartilage
Medial end of clavicle
Root of spine of scapula
Inferior angle of scapula
Highest point of iliac crest
PSIS

Hyoid bone (C2-C3)
Cricoid cartilage (C6)
Thyroid cartilage (C4/C5)
Medial end of clavicle (distal end of 1st rib)
Root of spine of scapula (T3)
Inferior angle of scapula (T7 standing/T6 prone)
Highest point of iliac crest (L4 SP)
PSIS (S2)

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Spinal level/location of:
End of spinal cord (cona medullaris)
Subarachnoid space with CSF
Sternal angle
Xiphoid-sternal junction
Lung apex
Termination of abdominal aorta

End of spinal cord (L2)
Subarachnoid space with CSF (S3)
Sternal angle (2nd rib and body of T5)
Xiphoid-sternal junction (T9/T10)
Lung apex (behind medial 3rd of clavicle)
Termination of abdominal aorta (L4)

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Head of radius articulates with:

Head of radius articulates with:
Capitulum of humerus

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Proximal ulna (olecranon process) articulates with:

Proximal ulna (olecranon process) articulates with: 
Trochlea of humerus

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Carpal bones

Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform, hamate, capitate, trapezoid, trapezium* (*thumb side)

Sam Limped To Paris, He Cant Take Trains (bottom right, counterclockwise)

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What structures make up the hard palate?

Anterior 3/5: Maxilla (palatine processes of maxilla)

Posterior 2/5: Palatine bone proper

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Where is hyaline cartilage found

clinical significance

Ribs, lines synovial joints
(Left over fetal skeleton)

(Costochondral junction = costochondritis, inflammation of hyaline)

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What vertebrae are transverse foramen found in?

Cervical vertebrae only

(Where vertebral artery passes from C6 and up, but C7 still has the holes)

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Which muscles attach to the supraglenoid and Infraglenoid tubercles

Supraglenoid: Longhead of biceps
Infraglenoid: Longhead of triceps

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Label the foot bones

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What is the function of the annular ligament

Holds the head of the radius

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What muscles open the jaw

Digastric, lateral pterygoid (depress)

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What muscles close the jaw

medial pterygoid, masseter + temporalis

(elevate jaw)

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What innervates the muscles that open and close the jaw

CN 5 (V-3)

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Where is the first intervertebral disk found

Between C2 and C3

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Red vs White muscle fibers

Red: Slow twitch, low glycolytic capacity, high oxidative capacity
White: Fast twitch, high glycolytic capacity, low oxidative capacity

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Isotonic vs isometric contraction

Isotonic: Force remains constant, muscle shortens during contraction (picking something up)

Isometric: Force increases during contraction, length of muscle remains constant (push on the floor of your house)

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Skeletal muscle: Relaxation = Ca goes back into the ________ via ________

Skeletal muscle: Relaxation = Ca goes back into the (sarcoplasm) via (T-tubules)

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Action potential length for skeletal vs cardiac muscle

Skeletal: 2-4ms
Cardiac: 200-400ms

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What muscles attach to the coracoid process?

Coracobrachialis
Pec minor
Biceps

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What muscles abduct the arm

Supraspinatus
Deltoid
Serratus anterior

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What innervates:
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor

Supraspinatus - Suprascapular n.
Infraspinatus - Suprascapular n.
Teres minor - Axillary n.

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What are the anterior, lateral, posterior, and medial components of the axillary region

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Name the contents of the Anatomical Snuff Box

SABER

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What are the contents of the femoral triangle, and what are the borders?

NAVL (lateral to medial) Nerve, artery, vein, lymph chain Borders: Add. longus, sartorius, inguinal ligament

Hip nerves

Anterior flexors: Femoral n. Medial adductors: Obturator n. Lateral abductors: Superior gluteal n. Posterior extensors: Sciatic n. and inferior gluteal n.

Where do the lumbar and sacral plexus meet?

Sciatic nerve

Erector Spinae (sacrospinalis group) muscles

``` SLI Spinalis division (Thor, cerv, capitis) Longissimus division (Thor, cerv, capitis) Iliocostalis division (Lumb, thor, cerv) ```

What innervates the diaphragm?

Phrenic nerve (C3,4,5) "C3,4,5 keep the diaphragm alive"

Exercise physiology

-noids

pointy, dont go into joints

what suture is between the frontol and parietal bones

coronal

what suture is between the two parts of the parietal bone

sagittal

what suture is between the parietal and occipital bones

lamboidal

whats the clivus

portion of occipital bone anterior to magnum foramen

inion

EOP

pteryon

meeting of sutures: coronal temporoparietal sphenofrontal

site of middle meningial artery clinical significance

pteryon thinnest part of side of skull; hit in side of head = rupture of artery/subdural hematoma

what part of the sternum ossifies during teen years

xiphoid process

Label the coronal sutures

which vertebra have transverse foramens?

cervical

the cruciate ligaments are named for\_\_\_\_ and their anatomical actions are based on that of the \_\_\_

for their origin on the tibia, and their anatomical actions are based on that of the tibia

lateral lower leg bone

fibula

ALL is anterior in respect to what?

vertebral body

Common Primary Bone Cancers

Chondrosarcoma Osteosarcoma Ewing's Sarcoma

Reactive Arthritis/Reiter's Syndrome Etiology + Sx

Post Chlamydial infxn, male dominant sx: urethritis, conjunctivitis, asymmetric lower extremity arthritis (can't see, can't pee, can't dance with me)

what divides the anterior and posterior triangle of the neck contents of ant and post triangles

SCM ant: lymph nodes, thyroid, cartilages post: brachial plexus exit

what is the most important structure located in the suboccipital triangle?

vertebral artery (AVOID needles; direct access to brain)

what 3 muscles attach on the corocoid?

coracobrachialis short head biceps pec minor

teres major vs minor; which attaches post and which ant humerus?

ant: major post: minor

thigh/hip flexors

iliacus psoas pectineus rectus femoris sartorius

thigh/hip adductors

obturator pectineus gracilis adductors (long, mag, brev)

thigh/hip extensors

glut max hamstrings (biceps femoris, semi tendinosus, semi membranosus)

thigh/hip abductor muscles + nerve

gluteus med/min TFL

what CN supplies the digastric muscle

Ant = CN5 Post = CN7

most common muscular dystrophy of children

duchennes MD

duchennes muscular dystrophy etiology/sx

sex linked, males muscle replaced by fat/pseudo-hypertophy of calves gower's sign+ death by 20 common

most common dystrophy in adults

myotonic dystrophy (presents in adolescence with facial atrophy)

congenital myopathies

due to hypotonia non-progressive, unlike dystrophies "floppy infant syndrome"

myasthenia gravis etiology/sx

females, antibiodies to ACH receptors fatigueability (worse exertion) thymomas, thymic hyperplasia tensilon test for dx

acute exercise physiology

fight or flight response inc HR, CV, CO inc stress hormones (GH, glucagon, cortsiol), ADH, aldosterone, renin, epi dec insulin more blood in skeletal muscle lipolysis, CHO sparing pulmonary: - min 1: inc ventilation neuro signaling - over 1 min: CO2 controls ventilation (inc CO2 = inc ventilation) - phase 3: anaerobic threshold, blood lactate increase

adaptive exercise physiology

inc heart efficiency, lower HR, higher SV, inc coronary circulation, inc oxidative capacity hormone response lower skeletal muscle (aerobic = inc mitochondrial content, strength = actin/myosin) same metabolic changes, fatigue slower inc remodeling and strength of bone/CT

Glut max innervation

Inf gluteal n (L5-S2)

Glut max actions

Thigh extension, ext rot, abduction, abduction

glut med + min innervation

sup gluteal n (L4-S1)

Glut med + min actions

Thigh abduction, internal rotation, pelvis stabilization

TFL innervation

Sup gluteal n

TFL action

Thigh internal rotation, leg ext rotation, stabilizes hip and knee

Iliacus innervation

Femoral (L2-L4)

Iliacus, psoas major, psoas minor action

Thigh/trunk flexion, thigh ext rotation, trunk lateral flexion

psoas major and minor innvervation

Ant rami of spinal nerves L1-L3

Obturator externus innervation

Obturator n (L3,L4)

Triceps coxae muscles and actions

Obturator internus sup gemellus inf gemellus thigh ext rot, abduction, stabilized head of femur n acetabulum

Obturator internus and sup gemellus innervation

Nerve to Obturator internus L5,S1

Inf gemellus innvervation

Nerve to quadratus femoris L4-S1

Piriformis innervation

N to piriformis S1-S2

Piriformis action

Thigh ext rotation, abduction, stabilizes head of femur in acetabulu

Quad femuris innervatin

N to quad femor is L4-S1

Sartorius innvervation

Femoral nerve L2-L4

Sartorius action

Thigh flexion, abduction, ext rotation, knee leg flexion, int rotation

Quad femoris muscles and innervation

Rectus femoris vastus intermedius vastus lateralis vastus medialis femoral nerve L2-L4

msk high yield Flashcards

(81 cards)