Immune lymph 2

Question 1

______ is the ability of the body to fight off disease

Answer 1

Resistance

Question 2

_______ is the inability of the body to fight off disease

Answer 2

Susceptibility

Question 3

_______ are disease producing organisms such as bacteria, viruses and parasites

Answer 3

Pathogens

Question 4

_______ the capacity of a pathogen to cause disease. That is, the more virulent, the greater the potential to make a person sick.

Answer 4

Virulence

Question 5

_______ general responses to prevent invasion by a wide range of pathogens

Answer 5

Non-Specific Resistance to Disease

Question 6

also called_________ ie. present at birth

Answer 6

Innate Immunity

Question 7

________generation of antibodies (plasma cells) or cells (cytotoxic t-cells) that are specific to one pathogen

Answer 7

Specific Resistance to Disease

Question 8

Specific Resistance to Disease also called _______

Answer 8

Adaptive or Acquired Immunity

Question 9

_______are broad spectrum, defending against a variety of microbes, dust, chemicals etc.

Answer 9

first line defenses

Question 10

Skin and Mucous Membranes, Fluids, Chemicals are all ____

Answer 10

first line defences

Question 11

______ breaks down bacterial cell walls – also present in saliva, perspiration, nasal secretions, and tissue fluids

Answer 11

Lysozyme

Question 12

These _______ are broad spectrum, defending against a variety of microbes

Answer 12

internal defenses

Question 13

Antimicrobial Substances, Interferons, Antimicrobial Substances, Complement, Natural Killer (NK) cells, Phagocytosis, Neutrophils, Macrophages are all examples of _____

Answer 13

Second Line Defenses

Question 14

______ arise from monocytes found in the blood which migrate to the infected areas and mature (lifespan of 1-3 weeks)

Answer 14

wandering macrophages

Question 15

_______ stand guard in the skin, subcutaneous layer, liver, lungs, spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow

Answer 15

fixed macrophages

Question 16

Lyse cell walls of certain microbes via _____

Answer 16

membrane attack complex

Question 17

Attract leukocytes to the site of invasion – _______

Answer 17

chemotaxis

Question 18

Coat the surface of the microbe with opsonins, thereby making it recognizable to neutrophils and macrophages which will phagocytize it
process is called _______

Answer 18

opsonization

Question 19

______first to arrive at the site of invasion
short-lived (1-5 days), but are continually being replaced

Answer 19

Neutrophils:

Question 20

________arise from monocytes found in the blood which migrate to the infected areas and mature (lifespan of 1-3 weeks)

Answer 20

wandering macrophages

Question 21

________stand guard in the skin, subcutaneous layer, liver, lungs, spleen, lymph nodes, bone marrow

Answer 21

fixed macrophages

Question 22

phagosome merges with a lysosome to form a _______

Answer 22

phagolysosome

Question 23

_____ is usually a localized response to tissue damage which can occur when bacteria invade tissues

Answer 23

Inflammation

Question 24

redness, heat, swelling, pain

Answer 24

inflammation

Question 25

_____ is abnormally high body temperature triggered by infection and inflammation

Answer 25

Fever

Question 26

_______ – substances recognized as foreign and which provoke an immune response

Answer 26

Antigens (Ags)

Question 27

Antigens (Ags) – substances recognized as foreign and which provoke an immune response Also known as _______

Answer 27

Adaptive Immunity, Aquired Immunity or Specific Immunity

Question 28

_____ - respond to antigens by producing _____ and able to distinguish self from non-self

Answer 28

Specificity, antibodies

Question 29

______ the ability to remember previously encountered antigens and mount a quicker and stronger immune response (memory B cells and memory T cells)

Answer 29

Memory -

Question 30

______(epitopes) are complex molecules recognized as foreign by immune cells of the body and they provoke an immune response

Answer 30

Antigens

Question 31

______ foreign antigens located outside a cell

Answer 31

exogenous antigens:

Question 32

_______foreign antigens produced inside a cell (endo)

Answer 32

endogenous antigens

Question 33

Cells that belong to our own body have special cell membrane proteins that identify the cells as “self” known as ________

Answer 33

major histocompatibility complex

Question 34

______cells directly attack abnormal cells, ones expressing foreign antigens (ie. endogenous antigens)

Answer 34

Cytotoxic T

Question 35

Cytotoxic T cells cause infected / cancer cells to lyse by secreting _____ and produce _____ like NK cells

Answer 35

perforin, granzymes

Question 36

_______B cells transform into plasma cells making antibodies (Abs) or immunoglobulins

Answer 36

Antibody-Mediated or Humoral Immune Response

Question 37

_______a B cell is activated by a part of an antigen that will produce only one type of antibody specific to that antigen/epitope

Answer 37

Antibody-Mediated or Humoral Immune Response

Question 38

Antibody-Mediated or Humoral Immune Response the antibodies also _______ to destroy the pathogen

Answer 38

attract phagocytic cells

Question 39

______ ability to provoke immune response

Answer 39

Immunogenicity –

Question 40

_______ability of antigen to react specifically with antibodies it provoked

Answer 40

Reactivity –

Question 41

During _______, B cell receptor binds to antigen

Answer 41

activation

Question 42

Pre-T cells in thymus develop _______via positive selection – cells that can’t recognize your own MHC undergo apoptosis

Answer 42

self-recognition

Question 43

______occurs through negative selection in which T cells that react against self are eliminated

Answer 43

Self-tolerance

Question 44

________- exposure to antigen and leading to production of plasma cells, T cells, and memory cells

Answer 44

Naturally Acquired Active Immunity

Question 45

_______- transfer of antibodies to the fetus from the mother across the placenta or to the baby during breast feeding

Answer 45

Naturally Acquired Passive Immunity

Question 46

______nonpathogenic antigens introduced via vaccination to trigger production of memory cells, vaccines

Answer 46

Artificially Acquired Active Immunity

Question 47

______ intravenous injection of antibodies ex. RhoGam prevents Rh- mom from producing Ab against baby’s Rh+ RBCs

Answer 47

Artificially Acquired Passive Immunity

Question 48

an _____ occurs if pus cannot drain out of an inflamed organ and the pathogens, leukocytes and cell debris build up

Answer 48

abscess

Question 49

_______the immune system fails to display self-tolerance and attacks the person’s own cells

Answer 49

Autoimmune Disorders

Question 50

_______likely due to an autoimmune attack on oligodendrocytes of the central nervous system

Answer 50

Multiple Sclerosis

Question 51

_____Rheumatic Fever autoimmune attack of acetylcholine receptors at neuromuscular junction

Answer 51

Myasthenia Gravis

Question 52

_______triggered by a dangerous strain of Streptococcus bacteria possessing surface proteins that resemble

Answer 52

Rheumatic Fever

Question 53

_______auto-antibodies attack synovial membranes of the joints especially hands and feet

Answer 53

Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

Question 54

______a chronic autoimmune disorder that causes inflammation in many systems of the body

Answer 54

Lupus (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus)