respitory 1

Question 1

the ______ is a large cavity inside skull bordered by many bones that extends from the external nose to the pharynx

Answer 1

Internal nose -

Question 2

the _______sinuses are mucosa-lined air cavities in the bones of the skull (ethmoid, sphenoid, frontal and maxillary bones)

Answer 2

paranasal sinus ducts –

Question 3

______which drain tears from the eyes

Answer 3

nasolacrimal ducts -

Question 4

holes through which internal nose communicates with the pharynx

Answer 4

internal nares -

Question 5

______ divides the nasal cavity into right and left halves, made of bone posteriorly (vomer, perpendicular plate of ethmoid, maxillae, palatine) and hyaline cartilage anteriorly

Answer 5

nasal septum

Question 6

_____ is the anterior portion of the nasal cavity, lined with skin and covered with hair

Answer 6

vestibule

Question 7

_______(superior, middle, inferior) are three bony projections that extend into the nasal cavity from the lateral side walls to increase the surface area, function to warm and moisten air

Answer 7

nasal conchae

Question 8

_______ (superior, middle, inferior) are groove-like passages formed by the conchae

Answer 8

nasal meatuses

Question 9

______ location of olfactory receptors on the superior nasal conchae and adjacent septum

Answer 9

olfactory epithelium

Question 10

_______ from internal nares to level of soft palate

Answer 10

Nasopharynx

Question 11

______ from soft palate to hyoid bone; posterior to oral cavity

Answer 11

Oropharynx

Question 12

______ (hypopharynx) from hyoid bone to esophagus and larynx

Answer 12

Laryngopharynx

Question 13

the “point” of trachea where it divides into left and right primary bronchi

Answer 13

Carina –

Question 14

the trachea is lined with _______ epithelium functions to protect against dust, pollen, other allergens, bacteria,

Answer 14

glandular, pseudostratified, ciliated columnar

Question 15

_______ (transverse smooth muscle) and elastic connective tissue attach onto each end of the rings to make a complete circle

Answer 15

trachealis muscle

Question 16

______ lines the thoracic cavity

Answer 16

parietal pleura

Question 17

_______ which covers lungs themselves

Answer 17

visceral pleura

Question 18

________contains serous fluid which decreases friction allowing the membranes to slide easily while breathing

Answer 18

pleural cavity

Question 19

bonus question

Answer 19

atelectais
ate-lect-asis

Question 20

quiz Thursday may 29th

Question 21

Five functions of the respiratory system

Answer 21

1.gas exchange
2.location for the receptors for sense of smell
3.filtering air
4.production of sound
5.elemination of waste

Question 22

the _____ separates the upper and lower airway

Answer 22

larynx

Question 23

Slide 16 diagram lungs

Question 24

where does the gas exchange occur

Answer 24

alveoli

Question 25

Each lobe is supplied with a______ which give rise to _______(10 per lung lobe)

Answer 25

secondary bronchus, tertiary bronchi

Question 26

tertiary bronchi divide into ______which lead to _______ which each supply a lung _____

Answer 26

bronchioles , terminal bronchioles, lobule

Question 27

Terminal bronchioles further subdivide into ________ where the epithelium changes from simple cuboidal to simple squamous (beginning of respiratory zone)

Answer 27

respiratory bronchioles

Question 28

Respiratory bronchioles divide into ______ then _____, then the _____ proper

Answer 28

alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, alveoli

Question 29

_______ simple squamous epithelial cells, which form continuous lining interrupted by the occasional Type II cell

Answer 29

Type I alveolar cells

Question 30

_______ cuboidal epithelial cells with microvilli on the free surface

Answer 30

Type II alveolar cells

Question 31

______ wandering macrophages that remove dust and debris from alveolar spaces

Answer 31

Alveolar macrophages

Question 32

______- a layer of Type I and mainly Type II alveolar cells with alveolar macrophages

Answer 32

alveolar (epithelial) wall

Question 33

_________- lies under the alveolar wall

Answer 33

epithelial basement membrane

Question 34

_________ may be fused to epithelial basement membrane

Answer 34

capillary basement membrane -

Question 35

______ is the exchange of gases between the alveolar air, blood and cells

Answer 35

Respiration

Question 36

Oxygen is required for aerobic _______ which takes place in the mitochondria of cells

Answer 36

cellular respiration

Question 37

_______(ie. breathing) Inhalation and exhalation

Answer 37

Pulmonary ventilation

Question 38

_________ Exchange of gases between alveoli and blood

Answer 38

External (pulmonary) respiration

Question 39

________ Exchange of gases between blood and tissue cells

Answer 39

Internal (tissue) respiration

Question 40

The bulk flow of gases between the atmosphere and lungs is due to a ______

Answer 40

pressure gradient

Question 41

_______states if the size or volume of a container is decreased, the pressure of the gas inside the container will increase (this is an inverse relationship)

Answer 41

Boyle's Law

Question 42

_____ drives breathing

Answer 42

Boyle's Law

Question 43

______ lines the thoracic cavity, the rib cage and superior surface of the diaphragm

Answer 43

Parietal pleura

Question 44

_____ covers the surface of each lung, ______is the very small space between visceral and parietal pleura

Answer 44

Visceral pleura, intrapleural space

Question 45

intrapleural space is the very small space between visceral and parietal pleura It is filled with _____

Answer 45

serous fluid

Question 46

A ________occurs when the pleural cavity fills with air from either the outside or inside, and negative pressure cannot be achieved for inspiration and surface tension, and elastic recoil causes the lungs to collapse

Answer 46

pneumothorax

Question 47

exhalation is ______

Answer 47

passive

Question 48

breathing in is _____-

Answer 48

active

Question 49

For air to flow into the lungs, the air pressure inside the lungs must become lower than the air pressure in the atmosphere – _______

Answer 49

negative pressure ventilation

Question 50

________: when the diaphragm contracts the floor of the thoracic cavity drops and when the external intercostal muscles of the rib cage contract, the rib cage lifts outwards and upwards. The parietal pleura lining the thoracic cavity is pulled with the diaphram and rib cage, and since the visceral pleura is adhered to both it and the lungs, the lungs are also pulled outward.

Answer 50

Normal (quiet) inspiration

Question 51

Expiration is _______ and it can be either a passive or active process

Answer 51

breathing out

Question 52

_______ air moves in, ______ air moves out

Answer 52

decrease pressure, increase pressure

Question 53

_________: is a passive process whereby the diaphragm and external intercostals relax, the volume in the thoracic cavity (and lungs) decreasesand increased pressureinside the lungs forces air out of the lungs

Answer 53

Normal (quiet) expiration

Question 54

Passive expiration is dependent upon ______ fibers in lung connective tissue that were stretched during inspiration and inward pull of surface tension of the fluid lining the alveolar spaces

Answer 54

recoil of the elastic

Question 55

which muscles are for forced inspiration?

Answer 55

sternocleidomastoid, scalenes and pectoralis minor

Question 56

which muscles are for forced expiration

Answer 56

abdominals and internal intercostals

Question 57

_____arises at the interface where water meets air, the polar water molecules are more strongly attracted to each other than they are to the gas molecules in air

Answer 57

Surface Tension

Question 58

_______ a complex mixture of phospholipids and lipoproteins produced by type II alveolar cells, lowers the surface tension of the fluid in the alveoli and reduces the tendency to collapse

Answer 58

Surfactant