resp 2

Question 1

nasal meatius and nasal conchae know bottom right slide 8 nasaopharynx oropharynx larngopharnx

Question 2

______ arises at the interface where water meets air, the polar water molecules are more strongly attracted to each other than they are to the gas molecules in air

Answer 2

Surface Tension

Question 3

______ a complex mixture of phospholipids and lipoproteins produced by type II alveolar cells, lowers the surface tension of the fluid in the alveoli and reduces the tendency to collapse

Answer 3

Surfactant

Question 4

______ refers to the ease with which the lungs and thoracic wall can be expanded

Answer 4

Compliance

Question 5

_____ which leads to scar tissue formation and reduced elastic tissue

Answer 5

tuberculosis

Question 6

low surfactant production in _____

Answer 6

premature babies

Question 7

______ in which lung tissues fills and with fluid and elastic tissue can’t recoil

Answer 7

pulmonary edema

Question 8

______where elastic tissue in alveolar walls is destroyed

Answer 8

emphysema

Question 9

_______ the walls of respiratory passageways normally offer some resistance to the normal flow of air into the lungs, however, bronchiole diameters increase (reducing resistance) as the lungs expand and pull on the bronchiole walls

Answer 9

Airway Resistance

Question 10

______ (narrowing of bronchioles due to smooth muscle contraction)

Answer 10

asthma

Question 11

_______which includes chronic bronchitis and emphysema where airways are blocked or collapsed

Answer 11

COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease)

Question 12

amount that moves into and out of lungs during quiet breathing

Answer 12

tidal volume (TV):

Question 13

maximal amount of air that can be inspired above the tidal volume approximately 3100 ml

Answer 13

inspiratory reserve volume (IRV)

Question 14

maximal amount of air that can be expired above the tidal volume approximately 1200 ml

Answer 14

expiratory reserve volume (ERV)

Question 15

volume of air remaining in the lungs at the end of a maximal expiration

Answer 15

residual volume (RV)

Question 16

The pressure of a specific gas in a mixture of gases is called its ______

Answer 16

partial pressure

Question 17

Each gas in a mixture of gases exerts its own pressure as if all the other gases were not present, thus the total gas pressure equals the sum of individual gas pressures

Answer 17

Dalton’s Law

Question 18

Quantity of a gas that will dissolve in a liquid is proportional to the partial pressures of the gas _____-

Answer 18

and its solubility

Question 19

______ is the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the alveoli of the lungs and pulmonary blood capillaries

Answer 19

External respiration

Question 20

______ the lesser the difference in O2 partial pressure, the lesser the amount of oxygen moving into the blood

Answer 20

Partial Pressure Difference

Question 21

______ = low O2 in blood

Answer 21

Altitude sickness

Question 22

_______The larger the surface area of the respiratory surface, the greater the gas exchange across it

Answer 22

Surface Area for Gas Exchange

Question 23

_______ (replacement of functional tissue with scar tissue) decreases the gas exchange surface area thus decreases diffusion of oxygen into the blood

Answer 23

emphysema

Question 24

_______ is the exchange of gases between the blood and the tissue cells which results in conversion of oxygenated blood into deoxygenated blood

Answer 24

Internal respiration

Question 25

_____ of O2 in the blood is dissolved in plasma and available to diffuse into tissues

Answer 25

1.5%

Question 26

1.5% of O2 in the blood is dissolved in plasma and available to diffuse into tissues ____ is bound to hemoglobin in the red blood cell

Answer 26

98.5%

Question 27

_____ refers to the tightness with which hemoglobin binds O2

Answer 27

Affinity

Question 28

______ of oxygen is the most important factor involved in hemoglobin’s affinity for O2

Answer 28

Partial Pressure of Oxygen

Question 29

_____ is a low level of O2 availability at the level of tissues

Answer 29

Hypoxia

Question 30

______is insufficient blood supply to a body part due to obstruction or constriction of a blood vessel

Answer 30

Ischemia

Question 31

______ is a blood condition in which there is a low number of red blood cells or their hemoglobin content is low

Answer 31

Anemia

Question 32

Dissolved CO2___ is dissolved in the plasma

Answer 32

7%

Question 33

_______Functions to control the basic rhythm of respiration

Answer 33

Medullary Rhythmicity Area

Question 34

During ______, impulses from the inspiratory area activate the expiratory area

Answer 34

labored breathing

Question 35

______: during quiet, normal respiration this area is inactive

Answer 35

Expiratory area

Question 36

Nervous Control of Respiration (3)

Answer 36

1. Medullary Rhythmicity Area 2.Pneumotaxic Area 3. Apneustic Area

Question 37

_______ voluntary alteration of breathing pattern, such as speaking, singing or holding our breath, which is a protective mechanism initiated against bad odors or particles in the air

Answer 37

Cerebral Cortex Influences;

Question 38

______ chemoreceptors are sensitive to changes in chemicals

Answer 38

Chemical Regulation;

Question 39

_______: in medulla Sensitive to pH (thus hydrogen ion concentration) or pCO2 in cerebrospinal fluid

Answer 39

central chemosensitive area

Question 40

_______: located in carotid bodies and aortic body; sensitive to O2, CO2, pH of blood

Answer 40

peripheral chemoreceptors

Question 41

______small oval nodules located in the wall of the right and left common carotid artery at the point of bifurcation

Answer 41

carotid bodies:

Question 42

______a cluster of chemoreceptors in the region near the arch of the aorta

Answer 42

aortic body:

Question 43

______ increased pCO2 in arterial blood; above 40 mmHg which results in increased concentration of H+

Answer 43

Hypercapnia:

Question 44

Input from central and peripheral chemoreceptors will______ to become active and thus will increase the rate and depth of breathing

Answer 44

stimulate the inspiratory area

Question 45

______ decreased pCO2 in arterial blood; below 40 mmHg

Answer 45

Hypocapnia:

Question 46

Central and peripheral chemoreceptors are not stimulated when levels are this low and thus, __________________

Answer 46

stimulatory impulses are not sent to the inspiratory area

Question 47

Peripheral chemoreceptors are sensitive to only ____ decreases in pO2

Answer 47

large

Question 48

______is characterized by chronic airway inflammation, airway hypersensitivity to stimuli, excess production of mucus and airway obstruction

Answer 48

Asthma

Question 49

COPD (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) ______ a disorder characterized by destruction of alveoli, producing abnormally large air spaces;

Answer 49

Emphysema:

Question 50

(Emphysema) Forced exhalation is required all the time and the person develops a ______

Answer 50

barrel chest

Question 51

________Characterized by long term inflammation of the bronchi with or without infection leading to permanent changes in the bronchial lining, coughing and excessive mucus production

Answer 51

Chronic Bronchitis

Question 52

The _______ is due to a number of different viruses; the most common ones are rhinoviruses

Answer 52

common cold

Question 53

______ or the flu is caused by a influenza virus

Answer 53

Influenza

Question 54

_______A recessive genetic disorder inherited from asymptomatic parents Secretory epithelia of the lungs, pancreas, sweat glands and small intestine possesses faulty chloride ion transporters

Answer 54

Cystic Fibrosis (CF)

Question 55

_______Mucus in the lungs leads to inflammation and blockage as well as creation of an optimum environment for opportunistic infections

Answer 55

Cystic Fibrosis (CF)

Question 56

______Lung infection caused by a bacteria which leads to inflammation and destruction of tissue

Answer 56

Tuberculosis

Question 57

haemoglobin can bind ___ oxygen

Answer 57

4