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Fundamentals of Disease > Immune/Lymphatic disorders > Flashcards

Immune/Lymphatic disorders Flashcards

1
Q

4 functions of the immune system:

A
  • defense agianst infectious disease-causing agents
  • protects against mutations of our own cells
  • destroys unknown/foreign substances
  • recognizes a specific invader and develops a coordinated response
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2
Q

4 components of the immune system:

A
  • lymph vessels and nodes
  • tonsils
  • thymus
  • spleen
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3
Q

a foreign substance (irritant/chemical/organism) that elicits an immune response

A

antigen

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4
Q

a protein produced in response to anti-gen that destroys or inactivates it

A

antibody

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5
Q

unique molecules on cell membrane

A

cell markers

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6
Q

time between exposure and start of symptoms

A

incubation period

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7
Q

body recognizes/responds/ remembers harmful substances or bacteria

A

immunity

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8
Q

2 types of immunity:

A
  • innate

- acquired

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9
Q

3 main types of immune system cells:

A
  • phagocytes
  • complement system and interferon
  • lymphocytes
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10
Q

natural/native immunity. Body’s first line of defense to prevent pathogen entry

A

innate immunity

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11
Q

1st line of defense:

A

skin and mucosal barriers

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12
Q

2nd line of defense:

A

nonspecific inflammation to all cell injury

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13
Q

3rd line of defense

A

specific immune response

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14
Q

______ immunity:

  • active: disease produces immunity
  • passive: immunity passed mother –> fetus/child through placenta or mother’s milk
A

natural immunity

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15
Q

_____ immunity:

  • active: vaccination
  • passive: protective material developed in individual immune system and given to previously non-immune individual
A

artificial immunity

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16
Q

_____ acquired immunity:

- introduced via antigen by environmental exposure and vaccination. Long-term effect

A

active

17
Q

_____ acquired immunity:
- antibody produced in one body, transferred to another via in-utero mother to fetus or via breast milk. Short-term effect

A

passive

18
Q

_____ acquired immunity:

  • mediated by antibodies in saliva, blood, vaginal secretions
  • produced by B cells from bone marrow and extracellular fluid
  • faster than cell
  • passive transfer
A

humoral

19
Q

____ acquired immunity:

  • all viruses/some bacteria hide inside cells
  • use T-cells to recognize and destroy hidden antigens
  • responsible for transplant rejection, delayed hypersensitivity, some auntoimmune diseases
  • cannot passively transfer
A

cell-mediated

20
Q

3 types of immune disorders:

A
  • immunodeficiency
  • hypersensitivity reactions
  • autoimmune disorders
21
Q

absent or depressed immune response. Due to a loss of function of one or more components of the immune system

A

immunodeficiency

22
Q

congenital deficiencies involve a basic developmental failure, defect T-cells, B-cells and lymphoid tissue, genetic

A

primary immunodeficiency

23
Q

acquired deficiencies refer to loss of the immune response due to specific causes and may occur at any time, underlying disease block immune response

A

secondary

24
Q

AIDS:

A

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

25
Q

chronic infectious disease d/t HIV virus. HIV kills T-cells, results in loss of immune response and increased susceptibility to secondary infection. Changes in humoral immunity and autoimmunity

A

AIDS

26
Q

AIDS stage:

  • positive for HIV
  • clinically healthy, exercise is safe, may increase CD4
A

Asymptomatic CD4 >500 cells/mm

27
Q

AIDS stage:

  • more compromised immune system
  • fatigue
  • non-specific symptoms
  • low intensity exercise, individualized tx
A

Early symptomatic CD4 200-500 cells/mm2

28
Q

AIDS stage:

  • many neuro symptoms
  • skin infections
  • wasting
  • pneumonia
A

Advanced CD4 <200 cells/mm2

29
Q

Rehab for patient with AIDS (4):

A
  • pain control
  • energy conservation
  • adaptive equipment instruction
  • chronic disease management
30
Q

exaggerated/inappropriate immune response. Overreaction to antigen, substance, allergen

A

hypersensitivity

31
Q

The 4 types of hypersensitivity reactions:

A
  • type I = immediate/anaphylactic reactions
  • type II = cytotoxic reaction
  • type III = immune complex reaction
  • type IV = cell mediated hypersensitivity
32
Q

type # hypersensitivity:

  • allergic reactions
  • genetic predisposition involved
  • the antigen is often called an allergen
  • the allergen may be a food, chemical, pollen from a plant, or a drug
A

Type I

33
Q
  • large amounts of histamines are released from mast cells into general circulation
  • results in systemic vasodilation
  • significant drop in BP and edema formation in lungs, obstruction of airflow
A

type I hypersensitivity pathophysiology

34
Q

type I hypersensitivity treatment:

A
  • epinephrine is injected immediately
  • treat for shock, keep person warm
  • call 911
  • CPR may be necessary
  • oxygen should be administered
35
Q

reactions are result of antibodies that react with antigens within the body’s own tissues. Cellular membrane disrupted/destroyed

A

Type II hypersensitivity cytotoxic reaction to self antigen

36
Q

Type # SndS:

  • hypotension
  • swelling
  • wheezing
  • increased nasal secretions
  • analphylaxis
  • urticaria
  • redness
  • hives
  • itchy
A

type I hypersensitivity

37
Q

Type # SndS:

  • malaise
  • hives
  • sneezing
  • hoarseness
  • dyspnea
  • vomiting
  • tachycardia
  • anxiety/seizure
A

type II hypersensitivity

Fundamentals of Disease (10 decks)

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