Immune/Lymphatic disorders

Question 1

4 functions of the immune system:

Answer 1

• defense agianst infectious disease-causing agents
• protects against mutations of our own cells
• destroys unknown/foreign substances
• recognizes a specific invader and develops a coordinated response

Question 2

4 components of the immune system:

Answer 2

• lymph vessels and nodes
• tonsils
• thymus
• spleen

Question 3

a foreign substance (irritant/chemical/organism) that elicits an immune response

Answer 3

antigen

Question 4

a protein produced in response to anti-gen that destroys or inactivates it

Answer 4

antibody

Question 5

unique molecules on cell membrane

Answer 5

cell markers

Question 6

time between exposure and start of symptoms

Answer 6

incubation period

Question 7

body recognizes/responds/ remembers harmful substances or bacteria

Answer 7

immunity

Question 8

2 types of immunity:

Answer 8

• innate

- acquired

Question 9

3 main types of immune system cells:

Answer 9

• phagocytes
• complement system and interferon
• lymphocytes

Question 10

natural/native immunity. Body’s first line of defense to prevent pathogen entry

Answer 10

innate immunity

Question 11

1st line of defense:

Answer 11

skin and mucosal barriers

Question 12

2nd line of defense:

Answer 12

nonspecific inflammation to all cell injury

Question 13

3rd line of defense

Answer 13

specific immune response

Question 14

______ immunity:

• active: disease produces immunity
• passive: immunity passed mother –> fetus/child through placenta or mother’s milk

Answer 14

natural immunity

Question 15

_____ immunity:

• active: vaccination
• passive: protective material developed in individual immune system and given to previously non-immune individual

Answer 15

artificial immunity

Question 16

_____ acquired immunity:

- introduced via antigen by environmental exposure and vaccination. Long-term effect

Answer 16

active

Question 17

_____ acquired immunity:
- antibody produced in one body, transferred to another via in-utero mother to fetus or via breast milk. Short-term effect

Answer 17

passive

Question 18

_____ acquired immunity:

• mediated by antibodies in saliva, blood, vaginal secretions
• produced by B cells from bone marrow and extracellular fluid
• faster than cell
• passive transfer

Answer 18

humoral

Question 19

____ acquired immunity:

• all viruses/some bacteria hide inside cells
• use T-cells to recognize and destroy hidden antigens
• responsible for transplant rejection, delayed hypersensitivity, some auntoimmune diseases
• cannot passively transfer

Answer 19

cell-mediated

Question 20

3 types of immune disorders:

Answer 20

• immunodeficiency
• hypersensitivity reactions
• autoimmune disorders

Question 21

absent or depressed immune response. Due to a loss of function of one or more components of the immune system

Answer 21

immunodeficiency

Question 22

congenital deficiencies involve a basic developmental failure, defect T-cells, B-cells and lymphoid tissue, genetic

Answer 22

primary immunodeficiency

Question 23

acquired deficiencies refer to loss of the immune response due to specific causes and may occur at any time, underlying disease block immune response

Answer 23

secondary

Question 24

AIDS:

Answer 24

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Question 25

chronic infectious disease d/t HIV virus. HIV kills T-cells, results in loss of immune response and increased susceptibility to secondary infection. Changes in humoral immunity and autoimmunity

Answer 25

AIDS

Question 26

AIDS stage: - positive for HIV - clinically healthy, exercise is safe, may increase CD4

Answer 26

Asymptomatic CD4 >500 cells/mm

Question 27

AIDS stage: - more compromised immune system - fatigue - non-specific symptoms - low intensity exercise, individualized tx

Answer 27

Early symptomatic CD4 200-500 cells/mm2

Question 28

AIDS stage: - many neuro symptoms - skin infections - wasting - pneumonia

Answer 28

Advanced CD4 <200 cells/mm2

Question 29

Rehab for patient with AIDS (4):

Answer 29

- pain control - energy conservation - adaptive equipment instruction - chronic disease management

Question 30

exaggerated/inappropriate immune response. Overreaction to antigen, substance, allergen

Answer 30

hypersensitivity

Question 31

The 4 types of hypersensitivity reactions:

Answer 31

- type I = immediate/anaphylactic reactions - type II = cytotoxic reaction - type III = immune complex reaction - type IV = cell mediated hypersensitivity

Question 32

type _#_ hypersensitivity: - allergic reactions - genetic predisposition involved - the antigen is often called an allergen - the allergen may be a food, chemical, pollen from a plant, or a drug

Answer 32

Type I

Question 33

- large amounts of histamines are released from mast cells into general circulation - results in systemic vasodilation - significant drop in BP and edema formation in lungs, obstruction of airflow

Answer 33

type I hypersensitivity pathophysiology

Question 34

type I hypersensitivity treatment:

Answer 34

- epinephrine is injected immediately - treat for shock, keep person warm - call 911 - CPR may be necessary - oxygen should be administered

Question 35

reactions are result of antibodies that react with antigens within the body's own tissues. Cellular membrane disrupted/destroyed

Answer 35

Type II hypersensitivity cytotoxic reaction to self antigen

Question 36

Type _#_ SndS: - hypotension - swelling - wheezing - increased nasal secretions - analphylaxis - urticaria - redness - hives - itchy

Answer 36

type I hypersensitivity

Question 37

Type _#_ SndS: - malaise - hives - sneezing - hoarseness - dyspnea - vomiting - tachycardia - anxiety/seizure

Answer 37

type II hypersensitivity