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Fundamentals of Disease > Week 1 Intro to Pathology > Flashcards

Week 1 Intro to Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

The study of disease. The branch of medicine that investigates the nature of disease, changes in body tissue/organs that cause disease

A

Pathology

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2
Q

development of unhealthy conditions/disease. Progression of pathological condition in relationship to functional abilities and limitations

A

Pathogenesis

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3
Q

No universal definition, but dependent upon: individuals functional ability within their society. Disease free, and complete physical, mental, and social well-being.

A

Health

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4
Q

deviation from healthy, disease, perception, disturbances in biologic function personal, interpersonal and cultural reactions to disease. Includes physical and cognitive problems

A

illness

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5
Q

patterns of behavior that appear over long period of time when functional limitations can’t be overcome for role fulfillment

A

Disability

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6
Q

5 types of cognitive disability:

A
  • executive functions, behavior
  • complex problem solving
  • information processing
  • memory
  • learning
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7
Q

The identification of a specific disease through evaluation of signs and symptoms, laboratory tests, imaging or other tools

A

diagnosis

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8
Q

3 levels of preventive medicine:

A

primary - immunization, (helmets)
secondary - early detection
tertiary - limit impact of disease (ie. radiation/chemo, rehab)

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9
Q

study of incidence, prevalence, and transmission of diseases in human populations

A

epidemiology

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10
Q

study of factors that directly cause a disease. there may be one or more causative factors. This may help with prevention

A

Etiology

Not always the same as risk factors

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11
Q

rapid onset, short duration of signs and symptoms

A

acute

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12
Q

long lasting or recurrent

A

chronic

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13
Q

unknown cause (no etiology)

A

idiopathic

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14
Q

can be transmitted from person to person; contagious

A

communicable

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15
Q

disease rate in a population

A

morbidity

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16
Q

the number of deaths in a population

A

mortality rate

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17
Q

multiple systems

A

systemic

18
Q

collection of signs and symptoms that occur together

A

syndrome

19
Q

secondary problems that arise after the original disease

A

complications

20
Q

additional diagnoses

A

co-morbidity

21
Q

the likely outcome of an illness

A

prognosis

22
Q

a relatively stable or constant environment in the body, including blood pressure, temperature and pH. Maintained by various control mechanisms

A

homeostasis

23
Q

worsening of previous condition, re-lapse

A

exacerbation

24
Q

no evidence of disease, may be partial or complete

A

remission

25
Q

the typical course, may help predict prognosis

A

natural history

26
Q

illness time frame: rapid onset, short duration. Full recovery. Specific sequence - physical symptoms, cognitive awareness, emotional response, sick role

A

acute

27
Q

illness time frame: between acute and chronic

A

subacute

28
Q

illness time frame: permanent impairment, physical or cognitive. Long term medical management. May have exacerbation

A

chronic

29
Q

the objective abnormalities associated with a disease. Can be measured.

A

signs

30
Q

a subjective indication of a disease or a change in condition as perceived by the patient.. many symptoms are accompanied by objective signs…Some symptoms may be objectively confirmed

A

symptoms

31
Q

6 risk factors for disease:

A
  • genetics
  • age
  • lifestyle
  • stress
  • environment
  • pre-existing conditions
32
Q

disease causing parasites, viruses and bacteria

A

pathogenic organisms

33
Q

new growth

A

neoplasm

34
Q

referred to as cancer

A

malignant

35
Q

do not necessarily become malignant

A

benign

36
Q

radiation, altitude, water, fire, electricity are examples of:

A

physical agents

37
Q

alcohol, drugs, tobacco are examples of:

A

chemical agents

38
Q

______ disorders occur when individuals develop antibodies to their own cells and these antibodies then attack the individual’s tissue

A

autoimmune

39
Q

_____ is the body’s normal nonspecific response to tissue injury.

A

inflammation

40
Q

If the _______ becomes chronic or abnormal, damage to tissues may result

A

inflammation

41
Q

______ is associated with aging. _____ changes may predispose an individual to certain pathologies and pathologic changes can hasten aging

A

Degeneration, degenerative

42
Q

Some organs and tissues, such as the brain and myocardium, cannot _____.

A

regenerate

Fundamentals of Disease (10 decks)

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