Week 1 Intro to Pathology

Question 1

The study of disease. The branch of medicine that investigates the nature of disease, changes in body tissue/organs that cause disease

Answer 1

Pathology

Question 2

development of unhealthy conditions/disease. Progression of pathological condition in relationship to functional abilities and limitations

Answer 2

Pathogenesis

Question 3

No universal definition, but dependent upon: individuals functional ability within their society. Disease free, and complete physical, mental, and social well-being.

Answer 3

Health

Question 4

deviation from healthy, disease, perception, disturbances in biologic function personal, interpersonal and cultural reactions to disease. Includes physical and cognitive problems

Answer 4

illness

Question 5

patterns of behavior that appear over long period of time when functional limitations can’t be overcome for role fulfillment

Answer 5

Disability

Question 6

5 types of cognitive disability:

Answer 6

• executive functions, behavior
• complex problem solving
• information processing
• memory
• learning

Question 7

The identification of a specific disease through evaluation of signs and symptoms, laboratory tests, imaging or other tools

Answer 7

diagnosis

Question 8

3 levels of preventive medicine:

Answer 8

primary - immunization, (helmets)
secondary - early detection
tertiary - limit impact of disease (ie. radiation/chemo, rehab)

Question 9

study of incidence, prevalence, and transmission of diseases in human populations

Answer 9

epidemiology

Question 10

study of factors that directly cause a disease. there may be one or more causative factors. This may help with prevention

Answer 10

Etiology

Not always the same as risk factors

Question 11

rapid onset, short duration of signs and symptoms

Answer 11

acute

Question 12

long lasting or recurrent

Answer 12

chronic

Question 13

unknown cause (no etiology)

Answer 13

idiopathic

Question 14

can be transmitted from person to person; contagious

Answer 14

communicable

Question 15

disease rate in a population

Answer 15

morbidity

Question 16

the number of deaths in a population

Answer 16

mortality rate

Question 17

multiple systems

Answer 17

systemic

Question 18

collection of signs and symptoms that occur together

Answer 18

syndrome

Question 19

secondary problems that arise after the original disease

Answer 19

complications

Question 20

additional diagnoses

Answer 20

co-morbidity

Question 21

the likely outcome of an illness

Answer 21

prognosis

Question 22

a relatively stable or constant environment in the body, including blood pressure, temperature and pH. Maintained by various control mechanisms

Answer 22

homeostasis

Question 23

worsening of previous condition, re-lapse

Answer 23

exacerbation

Question 24

no evidence of disease, may be partial or complete

Answer 24

remission

Question 25

the typical course, may help predict prognosis

Answer 25

natural history

Question 26

illness time frame: rapid onset, short duration. Full recovery. Specific sequence - physical symptoms, cognitive awareness, emotional response, sick role

Answer 26

acute

Question 27

illness time frame: between acute and chronic

Answer 27

subacute

Question 28

illness time frame: permanent impairment, physical or cognitive. Long term medical management. May have exacerbation

Answer 28

chronic

Question 29

the objective abnormalities associated with a disease. Can be measured.

Answer 29

signs

Question 30

a subjective indication of a disease or a change in condition as perceived by the patient.. many symptoms are accompanied by objective signs...Some symptoms may be objectively confirmed

Answer 30

symptoms

Question 31

6 risk factors for disease:

Answer 31

- genetics - age - lifestyle - stress - environment - pre-existing conditions

Question 32

disease causing parasites, viruses and bacteria

Answer 32

pathogenic organisms

Question 33

new growth

Answer 33

neoplasm

Question 34

referred to as cancer

Answer 34

malignant

Question 35

do not necessarily become malignant

Answer 35

benign

Question 36

radiation, altitude, water, fire, electricity are examples of:

Answer 36

physical agents

Question 37

alcohol, drugs, tobacco are examples of:

Answer 37

chemical agents

Question 38

______ disorders occur when individuals develop antibodies to their own cells and these antibodies then attack the individual's tissue

Answer 38

autoimmune

Question 39

_____ is the body's normal nonspecific response to tissue injury.

Answer 39

inflammation

Question 40

If the _______ becomes chronic or abnormal, damage to tissues may result

Answer 40

inflammation

Question 41

______ is associated with aging. _____ changes may predispose an individual to certain pathologies and pathologic changes can hasten aging

Answer 41

Degeneration, degenerative

Question 42

Some organs and tissues, such as the brain and myocardium, cannot _____.

Answer 42

regenerate