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immune system Flashcards

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1
Q

what does an immune system that is not working properly called?

A

immunocompromised

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2
Q

what is an autoimmune response ?

A

our body is attacking its own cells

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3
Q

rheumatoid arthritis and lupus are examples of

A

autoimmune disorders

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4
Q

normal protective immune response paradoxically turns against or attacks the body, leading to tissue damage

A

autoimmunity

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5
Q

body produces inappropriate or exaggerated responses to specific antigens

A

hypersensitivity

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6
Q

overproduction of immunoglobulins

A

gammopathies

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7
Q

primary immune deficiency

A

we’re born with it

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8
Q

secondary immune deficiency

A

usually acquired later in life maybe due to something we are exposed to

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9
Q

an example of secondary immune deficiency

A

HIV

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10
Q

main 4 components of the immune system:

A

central and peripheral lymphoid organs, tissues, and cells

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11
Q

what does the central contain

A

bone marrow and thymus

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12
Q

where are T cells and B cells formed and mature

A

Bone marrow

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13
Q

peripheral contains

A

spleen and lymph nodes

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14
Q

what does the spleen do?

A

functions as a filter, and filters out bacteria

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15
Q

are able to identify and trap foreign invaders and they remove them into their system before they reach our blood stream

A

lymph nodes

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16
Q

what are lymphocytes

A

a type of white blood cell

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17
Q

what cell is responsible for humoral (natural, we r born w it) immunity

A

B cells

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18
Q

B cells main function

A

is to make antibodies

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19
Q

which cell is responsible for cell mediated immunity

A

T cells

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20
Q

Three types of T cells

A

Cytotoxic
Helper
Suppressor

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21
Q

aka killer T cells. also called cd8 cells. they attach to abnormal or infected cells, make a hole in the membrane and inject an enzyme that kills.

A

cytotoxic

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22
Q

indicative of how much immunity we have. Cd4 Cells.

A

Helper cells

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23
Q

keep from attacking non harmful cells

A

Suppressor cells

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24
Q

natural resistance a person is born with, not specific, attacks anything to protect

A

natural or innate immunity

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25
phagocyctic cells that r responsible for digesting and engulfing bacteria
neutrophils and macrophages
26
work more in circulation
neutrophils
27
work more in the tissue
macrophages
28
can disable things like cancer or disease
natural killer cells
29
found in places that come in contact with the outside environment like the skin, nose, and lungs
dendritic cells
30
leukocyte is another name for
wbc
31
leukocytes (wbc’s) are divided into
granulocytes and agranulocytes and has to do with whether they have granulose in their cytoplasm
32
three granulocytes
neutrophils eosinophils basophils
33
three agranulocytes
lymphocytes monocytes macrophages
34
largest quantity wbc, first to arrive on scene of infection
neutrophils
35
one of the lost important type of wbc. includes B cells and T cells. they recognize antigens, produce antibodies, and destroy cells
lymphocytes
36
first to arrive for phagocytosis
monocytes
37
inflammatory response
38
five cardinal signs of inflammation
warmth, redness, swelling,pain, decrease in function
39
smth we acquire later in life. is specific . much more efficient because it targets specific invaders
squired or adaptive immunity
40
from period of infection to development of specific HIV abtivodies aka primary or acute infection
Stage 0
41
replication of HIV starts. Dramatic drop in cd4 count
stage 1
42
cd4 cells are now at 200-499
stage 2
43
cd4 drops below 200, considered aids
stage 3
44
what is medical management for HIV
antiretroviral therapy: ART
45
prevents binding of the HIV virus to CD4 cell
CCR5 antagonist
46
prevents fusion from happening basically prevents it from dumping its contents into the cd4 cell
fusion inhibitors
47
use cautiously in ppl with lung disease and pregnancy
fusion inhibitors
48
inhibits viral replication by blocking reverse transcriptase. So they inhibit the conversion of HIV rna into HIV dna
nucleoside and nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors
49
inhibit the activity of the virus specific enzyme called integrase, an encoded enzyme needed for viral replication. So this stops replication
integrase inhibitors
50
block protease activity within the HIV virus
protease inhibitors
51
immunoglobulins aka
antibodies
52
histamine, bradikinin, and prostaglandin are known as
chemical mediators
53
what do the B cells do in an allergic reaction
make antibodies
54
what do T cells do in an allergic reaction
they assist the B cells and destroy invaders
55
what r some primary chemical mediators
histamine, eosinophil, platelet activating factor, prostaglandins
56
secondary chemical mediators
leukotrienes, bradykinin, serotonin
57
responsible for bronchoconstriction and bronchodilation
prostaglandins
58
anaphylactic type of reaction. It’s the most severe. IgE mediated meaning it’s an antibody mediated reaction
Type 1
59
cytotoxic IgG or IgM mediated disorder
Type 2
60
immune complex mediated meaning u have an antibody that is free floating and it connects and binds to an antigen and they form this complex that eventually deposits itself on organs, tissues, in the walls of vessels and it can initiate an immune response which could lead to tissue damage to organ damage. this type is a lot of times is responsible for autoimmune disorders
Type 3
61
Delayed Reaction, T cells mediated
Type 4
62
Type 1 and Type 2 are _______ mediated
antibody
63
Type 4 example
TB test
64
type 2 reaction examples
Hemolytic transfusions graves’ disease myasthenia gravis
65
causes the destruction of tissues and cells
type 2
66
lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, scleroderma
type 3
67
examples of type 4 reaction
poison ivy, latex allergy
68
which wbc is elevated in an allergic reaction
eosinophils
69
what type of reactions could a latex allergy be
type 1 or type 4
70
The donor and recipient are related or unrelated but share similar HLA types
Allogeneic
71
the donor and recipient are identical twins
syngeneic
72
the donor and recipient are the same person
autologous
73
hyperacute is what type of hypersensitivity
type 3
74
acute is what type of hypersensitivity reaction
type 4
75
what type is chronic
type 3 and 4
76
graft vs host is what type
type 4
77
both work by blocking enzymes in the inflammatory process for rheumatoid arthritis
NSAIDS and COX-2 inhibitors
78
monoclonal antibodies
antibodies or proteins that r cloned in the lab and they’re engineered to target particular types of cells. given as infusion. for lupus
79
reduces autoantibodies in lupus
anti-malarials
80
weakens the immune system to stop it from attacking healthy cells and tissues. They make us immunocompromised. for lupus
immunosuppressive agents like methotrexate
81
which wbc’s are involved in allergic reactions and stress responses
eosinophils and basophils
82
infection and vaccination, being exposed to a virus or an immunization are examples of
active immunity
83
maternal antibodies like breast milk, monoclonal antibodies, immunoglobulin infusion are examples of
passive immunity
84
clumping together of cells to be more visible
agglutination
85
antibodies put sticky coating on the antigens to be more visible
opsonization
86
medication that causes u to be immunocompromised
corticosteroids

mental health nurse 3 (14 decks)

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