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Immune System Flashcards

(85 cards)

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1
Q

Proteins produced by B cells in response to the presence of an antigen of a foreign molecule

A

Antibodies “immunoglobulins”

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2
Q

Biggest of all, can’t cross membranes, first released

A

IgM

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3
Q

Present in salvia, mucus, and tears. Keeps pathogens from entering blood

A

IgA

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4
Q

Assist B cells in recognizing pathogens

A

IgD

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5
Q

Most common, smallest, can cross placenta

A

IgG

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6
Q

Binds with allergens, cause release of histamine

A

IgE

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7
Q

Antibodies bind to the pathogens and neutralize them

A

Neutralization

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8
Q

The process of coating a pathogen with antibodies

A

Opsonization

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9
Q

Your immune system attacks healthy cells by mistake

A

Autoimmunity (autoimmune disease)

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10
Q

Inherited genetic mutations. Over 150 different kinds. Lack of functioning B cells

A

PIDD (primary immune deficiency disease)

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11
Q

A severe loss of function of the entire immune system. Caused by a retrovirus (HIV) which destroys helper T cells

A

Acquired immunodeficiency disease

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12
Q

An inaccurate immune system response to something usually harmless like pollen, fur, a particular food or dust. Body releases histamine causing inflammation and construction of smooth muscle

A

Allergies/asthma

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13
Q

Forms mechanical barrier that prevents entry of pathogens and other harmful substances

A

Intact skin epidermis

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14
Q

Skin secretions (perspiration and sebum) make epidermal surface acidic, which inhibits bacterial growth; sebum also contains bacterial chemicals

A

Acid mantle

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15
Q

Provides resistance against acids, alkalis and bacterial enzymes

A

Keratin

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16
Q

Form mechanical barrier that prevents entry of pathogens

A

Intact mucous membranes

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17
Q

Traps microorganisms in respiratory and nasal passages

A

Mucus

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18
Q

Filter and trap microorganisms in nasal passages

A

Nasal hairs

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19
Q

Propel debris- laden mucus away from lower respiratory passages

A

Cilia

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20
Q

Contains concentrated hydrochloric acid and protein digesting enzymes that destroy pathogens in stomach

A

Gastric juice

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21
Q

Inhibits growth of most bacteria and fungi in female reproductive tract

A

Acid mantle of vagina

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22
Q

Continuously lubricate and cleanse eyes and oral cavity; contain lysozyme, an enzyme that destroys microorganisms

A

Lacrimal secretion (tears) and saliva

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23
Q

Normally acid PH inhibits bacteria growth; cleanses the lower urinary tract as it flushes from the body

A

Urine

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24
Q

Systemic response initiated by pyrogens; high body temp inhibits microbial multiplication and enhances body repair process

A

Fever

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25
Proteins released by virus infected cells and | certain lymphocytes that protect uninfected tissue cells from viral takeover; mobilize immune system
Antimicrobial proteins interferons
26
Granules of basophils and most cells; released in response to mechanical injury, presence of certain microorganisms and chemicals released by neutrophils
Histamine source
27
Promotes vasodilation of local arterioles; increases permeability of local capillaries, promoting exudare formation
Histamine effect
28
A plasma protein, kininogen, is cleaved by the enzyme kallikrein found in plasma, urine, salvia and in lysosomes of neutrophils and other types of cells; cleavage releases active kinin peptides
Kinins source
29
Same as for histamine; also induce chemotaxis of leukocytes and prompt neutrophils to release lysosomal enzymes, thereby enhancing generation of more kinins; induce pain
Kinins effect
30
Inflammatory chemicals
Histamine | Kinins
31
Protein containing fluid transported by lymphatic vessels
Lymph
32
Called lymph and return to veins uses peristalsis, one way valves, and muscle contraction to circulate lymph
Lymphatic vessels
33
Filters the lymph and removes impurities such as carbon, cancer cells, pathogens and dead
Lymph nodes
34
Filters blood for the lymphatic system and stores lymphocytes and macrophages to kill pathogens in blood, removes old red blood cells
Spleen
35
Produces lymph
Liver
36
Swollen spleen due to infection
Splenomegaly
37
Swollen tonsils due to draining bacterial infection in pharynx
Tonsillitis
38
Blockage, radiation scarring, or cancerous lymph vessels/nodes that cause tissue swelling
Lymphedema
39
Tropical parasitic worms invade they lymph nodes and block them
Filariasis (elephantiasis)
40
Cancer of the lymphatic system)
Lymphoma
41
Immune system function
Recognize foreign molecules and act to immobilize, neutralize, or destroy them
42
Any harmful or disease causing organism
Pathogen
43
5 types of pathogens (largest to smallest)
``` Parasitic worm Fungi Protozoa Bacteria Virus ```
44
2 types of defense
Innate | Adaptive
45
2 types of adaptive defense
Cell mediated immunity | Antibody mediated immunity
46
Uses white blood cells to attack pathogens
Cell mediated immunity
47
Produced in thymus
T cells
48
Major type of lymphocyte used in cell mediated immunity
T cell
49
3 types of cells
Helper T Killer T Suppressor T
50
Most important type of cell because it coordinates entire adaptive response. It also assists the killer t in identifying pathogens
Helper t
51
(Cytotoxic) attacks and kills pathogens
Killer T
52
Switched off the immune response
Suppressor T
53
Produced in blood plasma
B cells
54
What do B cells do?
Produce antibodies which tag pathogens for destruction | Creates memory to make immune response more powerful
55
Produced antibodies in the fluids humors of the body (blood, phlegm, and bile)
Antibody mediated immunity
56
Markers on foreign molecules invoking an adaptive immune response
Antigens
57
Markets that identify the cell as "self" preventing an adaptive immune response
Self antigens
58
Specific system with memory that is directed against particular pathogens
Adaptive immune system
59
1st line of defense
``` Surface barriers (skin) Digestive system (stomach acid & saliva) Respiratory system (mucus) ```
60
2nd line of defense (internal)
Phagocytes Basophils Inflammation response Fever response
61
Engulfs/destroys pathogen at site of infection
Phagocyte
62
Engulfs cellular debris, foreign substances, bacteria and cancer cells
Macrophages
63
Most abundant, engulfs bacteria, they die in process too
Neutrophils
64
Defends against parasitic worms by discharging granules on prey
Eosinophils
65
Three types of phagocytes
Macrophages Neutrophils Eosinophils
66
Releases histamine in response to allergic reaction
Basophils
67
Actively scan the body for cells for "self antigens" no ID badge cells are attacked
NK cells
68
This is the body's 1st line of defense against cancer
NK cells
69
Most cells release histamine which causes redness and heat
Vasodilation
70
Inflammation response
Vasodilation Vascular permeability Phagocytes arrive
71
Swelling
Vascular permeability
72
The body's specific defenses against invading pathogens include
Killer T cells
73
Another one of the body's specific defenses against invading pathogens is
Antibodies
74
Allowing vascular permeability is a response associated with
Inflammation
75
The process of coating a pathogen with antibodies is called
Opsonization
76
The body's nonspecific defenses against pathogens include
Fevers
77
This type of defense cell is the first line of defense vs cancer cells as they check cells for antigens to make sure they belong
Natural killers
78
An immune response is triggered by an
Antigen
79
The inflammatory response can cause
Pain, swelling and fever
80
The body's other nonspecific defense against invading pathogens includes
Mucus, sweat and tears
81
This type of lymphocyte creates memory to make the immune response more powerful
B cells
82
Unlike passive immunity, in active immunity antibodies are produced by
B cells
83
What cells are involved in nonspecific immunity
Neutrophils
84
This cell coordinates the entire adaptive response
Helper T
85
Proteins produced by B cells in response to the presence of antigen of a foreign molecule are called
Immunoglobulin

Anatomy (14 decks)

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