Immune System

Question 1

Humoral Immunity

Answer 1

B-Cells

Question 2

Memory B-Cells

Answer 2

remember the antigen and speed up secondary response

Question 3

Plasma Cells

Answer 3

make and release antibodies which induce antigen phagocytosis

Question 4

Active Immunity

Answer 4

antibodies are produced during an immune response

Question 5

Passive Immunity

Answer 5

antibodies produced by one organism are transferred to another organism

Question 6

Cell-Mediated Immunity

Answer 6

T-Cells

Question 7

Cytotoxic T-Cells

Answer 7

destroy cells directly

Question 8

Helper T-Cells

Answer 8

activate B-Cells and T-Cells and Macrophages by secreting lymphokines

Question 9

Suppressor T-Cells

Answer 9

regulate B- and T-Cells to decrease anti-antigen activity

Question 10

Non-Specific Immune Response

Answer 10

includes skin, passages lined with cilia, macrophages, inflammatory response, and interferons

Question 11

Lymphatic System

Answer 11

Lymph vessels meet at thoracic duct and drain into subclavian vein, the vessels carry lymph

Question 12

Lacteals

Answer 12

collect fats by absorbing chylomicrons in the small intestine

Question 13

Lymph Nodes

Answer 13

swellings along the vessels with phagocytic cells that remove foreign particles from lymph

Question 14

B Cell Maturation

Answer 14

Bone Marrow

Question 15

T Cell Maturation

Answer 15

Thymus

Question 16

Granulocytes

Answer 16

neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils

Question 17

Agranulocytes

Answer 17

lymphocytes, monocytes

Question 18

First Line of Defence

Answer 18

Skin

Question 19

Respiratory Protection

Answer 19

lined with mucous and cillia

Question 20

Eye protection

Answer 20

tears

Question 21

Mouth Protection

Answer 21

Saliva

Question 22

Tears and Saliva contain

Answer 22

lysozyme

Question 23

Complement System

Answer 23

consists of proteins in the blood that are activated by classical or alternative pathway and they punch holes in bacteria walls to make them osmotically unstable

Question 24

Interferons

Answer 24

proteins that prevent viral replication and dispersion by decreasing production of viral and cellular proteins and upregulating MHC 1 and 2 molecules

Question 25

Macrophages

Answer 25

activated by invader and performs 3 actions:

• phagocytizes invader
• digests invader using enzymes
• presents pieces to other cells using MCH 2 to recruit other immune cells

Question 26

Neutrophils

Answer 26

phagocytic and target bacteria using chemotaxis

Question 27

Eosinophils

Answer 27

primarily involved in allergic reactions and parasitic infections, release histamine

Question 28

Basophils and Mast Cells

Answer 28

involved in allergic reactions (release ++ histamine), mast cells are similar but are located in tissues, mucosa, epithelium, not blood

Question 29

Natural Killer Cells

Answer 29

detect down regulation of MHC and induce apoptosis in infected cells or in cancer cells

Question 30

Structure of Antibodies

Answer 30

2 identical heavy chains and 2 identical light chains held together via disulfide linkages
antigen binding regions are at the ends

Question 31

Active Immunity

Answer 31

immune system is stimulated to produce antibodies against a specific pathogen

Question 32

Passive Immunity

Answer 32

transfer of antibodies to an individual

Question 33

Lymph Fluid is Delivered to the

Answer 33

Sub clavian vein

Question 34

Lymph Nodes Contain

Answer 34

a lymphatic channel, an artery, and a vein