Immune System (day 1, extra recording)

Question 1

Which immune system is non-specific?

Answer 1

Innate immune system

Question 2

Which immune system doeesn’t have memory

Answer 2

Innate

Question 3

Which system do phagocytes NK cells, and antimicrobial proteins belong to?

Answer 3

Innate

Question 4

Which system needs multiple exposures to have an adequate defense?

Answer 4

Adaptive

Question 5

Which system uses CT cells and cell-mediated immunity/humoral immunity?

Answer 5

Adaptive

Question 6

Which cells are associated with cell-mediated immunity?

Answer 6

T cells

Question 7

Which cells are associated with humoral immunity?

Answer 7

B cells

Question 8

Which cells are lymphocytes?

Answer 8

B, T, and NK cells

Question 9

Where do we find lymphocytes?

Answer 9

Lymph nodes

Question 10

Which lymphocytes are part of the adaptive immunity and which are part of innate immunity?

Answer 10

B and T cells are adaptive, NK cells are inate

Question 11

Which cells have MHC1 vs MHC2 complexes on them?

Answer 11

All cells but RBC’s have MHC1, Immune cells have MHC2

Question 12

What is the general life cycle of a T cell?

Answer 12

Produced in bone marrow, mature in thymus, sent to blood stream and lymphatic tissue

Question 13

What is the function of a T cell

Answer 13

Recognize antigen in combination with MHC proteins to activate immune response

Question 14

What are the 4 types of T cells

Answer 14

Helper T cells: First to be activated, activate others
Cytotoxic T cells: Bind to and directly kill antigens
Regulatory T cells: Limit immune response
Memory T cells: Secondary Response

Question 15

Which T cells are the first to be activated?

Answer 15

Helper T cells

Question 16

Which T cells directly bind to and kill antigens, and which type of immunity is this?

Answer 16

Cytotoxic T cells, Cellular immunity

Question 17

What is the general life cycle of a B lymphocyte

Answer 17

Made in bone marrow, mature in bone marrow

Question 18

What is the main funciton of a B cell?

Answer 18

make antibodies

Question 19

How many different kinds of antibodies can one b cell produce?

Answer 19

Only one antibody

Question 20

What is a plasma cell?

Answer 20

An activated B cell that has been sent into the blood stream to make antibodies

Question 21

What system are TLR’s in?

Answer 21

Innate immunity, provide primary stimulus for cell’s innate response to invaders

Question 22

What are NOD proteins and which system are they in? What disease are they commonly related to?

Answer 22

Intracellular receptors that detect bacteria. They are in the innate immunity and are related to chron’s disease

Question 23

What happens after TLR and NOD proteins are activated?

Answer 23

This leads to cytokine release or activation of the compliment system

Question 24

How do you activate the innate immune system response?

Answer 24

TLR receptors on cell surface give stimulus that there is an invader. NOD proteins inside the cell detect bacteria. This leads to cytokine release and activation of compliment system

Question 25

How is the active immune system activated?

Answer 25

1.APC (macrophages or dendritic cells, etc) with MHC2 receptor encounters an invader in the blood 2. APC binds antigen of invader to MHC complex and brings it to the helper T cell (CD4), binds the antigen to the T Cell receptor 3. When that T cell binds to the antigen, it causes the release of IL4 and cytokines, then further activating other T cells and activating CT (CD8) cells. Activates B cells to produce antibodies against antigen from pathogen.

Question 26

General actions of IgG, IgA, IgM,IgD, and IgE

Answer 26

IgG/IgM: Complement IgA: Secretions IgD: Antigen recognition B cells IgE: Cause Histamine release

Question 26

What does the complement system ultamately lead to?

Answer 26

Cell lysis

Question 27

Describe PLANO

Answer 27

PLANO is an acronym to remember antigen-antibody complex functions. P: Precipitation (soluble antigens) L:lysis A:Agglutination (cell bound antigens) N:Neutralization O:Opsonization(flag molecule to be engulfed by macrophages)

Question 28

Which cells are phagocytic and make first contact with Pathogens?

Answer 28

Neutrophils

Question 29

Which blood cell is most abundant?

Answer 29

Neutrophils

Question 30

Which cell is specialized in viral and cancerous cells?

Answer 30

NK cells

Question 31

Which cell releases histamines and is associated with allergies?

Answer 31

Mast cells. IgE is associated with allergies, too.

Question 32

Describe the physiological pathway of tissue injury

Answer 32

1. Tissue injury leads to histamine release, NF-kB activation which starts transcription of inflammatory mediators, and cytokine/chemical release 2. This leads to vasodialation, increased permeability, and chemotaxis. 3. This leads to increased blood flow, fluid and leukocytes enter interstitial space, and leukocyte/phagocytes migrate to injury. 4. This leads to the delivery of cells and clotting factors, clearning out toxins and debreis, and blood clotting.

Question 33

How are the 4 cardnal signs of inflammation related to tissue injury?

Answer 33

Heat and redness are caused by increased blood flow to the site of injury (caused by vasodialation and increased capillary permiability). Pain is caused by the chemicals that are released from the cells that are injured Swelling is caused from the leukocyte and phagocyte migration to the injury as well as the fluid that enters the interstitial space