Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Physiology > Neurophys part 1 > Flashcards

Neurophys part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What does the PNS split into

A

Sensory (afferent) and Motor division (efferent)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the CNS made of

A

Brain and spinal cord

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is in PNS

A

Cranial and spinal nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What does the motor system break into

A

Somatic (voluntary movement of skeletal muscle)
Autonomic (visceral motor, involuntary)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What does Autonomic system split into

A

Sympathetic and Parasympathetic (also enteric)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the recieving region of the neuron

A

Soma and dendrites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Where does the action potential start, and why there

A

Axon Hillock- have large concentration of NA/K VG channels

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Where is the signal propegated on the neuron

A

the axon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the nerve ending on the neuron

A

Terminal Buttons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is neuron RMP

A

-70 Mv

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the 3 things that maintain the RMP

A
  1. Na/K pumps
  2. Negatively charged proteins in the cell
  3. K and Na leak channels
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which channels have inactivation gate

A

Na has inactivation gate, NOT K

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the thing that causes hyperpolarization

A

potassium leaving, and then when the AP gets more positive, K closes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What causes the absolute refractory period

A

the Na channels are inactivated with the inactivation gate, so cannot open because they haven’t been reset yet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What channels are open during resting phase

A

none

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What channels are open during depolarization

A

Na channel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What channels are open during repolarization

A

K channels open

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What channels open during hyperpolarization

A

K open in hyperpolarization until back at RMP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Describe saltatory transduction

A
  • When we have myelinated axons, we need to recharge the nodes of ranvier only to transduce AP. Signal jumps from one node to next
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which parts of axon have highest Na channel density

A

node of ranvier

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Is myelin a good or bad insulator

A

Myelin is made of cell membrane of schwann cells, and is a good insulator (keeps signal in). Lipid layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Lipids vs water as conductors and insulators

A

Lipid: bad conductor, good insulator
Water: good conductor, bad insulator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Why can AP only move one way

A

the Na channels are inactivated behind, so signal must continue moving in one direction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the factors that dictate transmission speed

A
  1. Diameter of axon
  2. Degree of myelination
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Fastest neuron fibers
A alpha- somatic motor, proprioception 268mph
26
Slowest nerve fibers
C fibers, temperature/ sympathetic 1mph
27
What direction does orthograde transport go
Move things from cell body down to axon Proteins, vesicles, neuropeptides move this way
28
what direction does retrograde transport go and what goes that way
from axon terminal to cell body viruses, nerve growth factors
29
Function of astrocytes
anchor neurons to blood vessils, ergulate extracellular envrionment, repair damaged tissue
30
Function of oligodendrocytes
myelinate axons in CNS COPS- Central=oligodendrocytes, Peripheral=schwann
31
Function of microglial cells
act as phagocytes Macrophages are also phagocytes and start with an M, so microglial are like macrophages (they phagocotyze)
32
Function of ependymal cells
line cavities, cillia circulate fluid
33
Function of schwann cells
myelinate axons in pns COPS- CNS=oligodendrocytes, PNS=schwann
34
function of satellite cells
sourround and support cell bodies
35
Which cells make CSF
Endothelial cells, made of epithelial tissue (Choroid plexus)
36
Where is CSF found
-in subarachnoid space and ventricles - Central canal of spinal cord
37
Purpose of CSF
- Nutriant rich fluid - Shock absorbtion/buoyancy to help float the brain
38
What is Hydrocephalus and what is the primary cause of it
-Too much CSF -Most common cuase is blockage of cerebral aqueduct
39
Which cells create the blood brain barrier
Endothelial cells
40
What passes through blood brain barrier
O2, CO2, Water, steroid hormoes
41
What needs help getting through bbb
Glucose
42
What is tightly regulated by BBB
pH changers
43
What does p-glycoprotein do
Pump things out of the brain that pass through the BBB. Use ATP. - Example is chemo drugs- bad that it does, but it does. If chemo drug gets in brain, p-glycprotein pumps back out (bad <:()
44
Functions of BBB
1. Ion balance 2. Keep NT's in brain 3. Protect from toxins/pathogens
45
What are circumventricular organs
parts of the brain outside of BBB - Most have functions next to the blood or needing to interact w blood
46
Examples of circumventricular organs
- Area of postrema (Contain chemoreceptors, trigger vommiting) - Posterior Pituitary(- Neurohypothesis- release hormones to put them directly into blood)
47
Why is constant blood pressure important in the brain
-Perfusion of brain tissue
48
What is a gap junction/signficance
Neurons directly touch one another with gap junction- electrical synapse, rarer
49
Most common type of synapse
chemical
50
What is found in post synaptic densities
Neurotransmitter receptors
51
What is found in presynaptic terminal
Vesicles of NT
52
What do dendritic spines do
Motivation, learning, memory, lots of ribosomes and RNA to grow spines Grow and solidify connections between 2 neurons
53
Botulinum A vs B
A: cleaves SNAP-25, which is needed for ACch to bind to membrane for exocytosis B: cleaves synaptobrevin-->blocks AcH release completely
54
How many axons do oligodendrocites connect to
many axons
55
How many axons do schwann cells connect to
only 1 axon
56
What are EPSPs and ISPSs classified as
graded potentials
57
What does teatnus do
blocks inhibitory signals so muscles contract out of control
58
What ion currents cause depolarizing GP's
NA+ or Ca2+ influx
59
What causes ion currents causing hyperpolarizing GP's
K+ efflux or Cl- influx
60
Most common inhibitory NT's
GABA or glycine
61
Most common excitatory NTs
Glutamate or Serotonin
62
What is a renshaw cell
inhibitory interneuron that inhibits same motor neuron it is stimulated by -Called presynaptic inhibition
63
Describe stretch reflex
EPSP in quad causes contraction, IPSP in hamsting causes relaxation at same time
64
give example of post synaptic inhibition
in stretch reflex, the inhibitory interneuron ensures hamstring doesn't contract
65
Describe wallerian degeneration
Axon damage leads to degeneration of axon from injury site to terminal
66
Describe denervation hypersensitivity
muscle cell upregulates nicotinic Ach Receptors
67
What is the action of a NT the result of
Not of the neurotransmitter itself, but of the receptor
68
What are ionotropic receptors
ligand gated ion channels Receptor is also channel
69
What are metabotropic receptors
GPCRs that lead to multiple effects Receptor for NT is not also the channel
70
Monosynaptic vs polysynaptic
Mono- only one synapse poly- interneuron in chain between pre/postsynaptic
71
Describe the components of muscle spindle
-Intrafusal fibers have contractile ends and noncontractile center -Small diameter efferent neurons for end -Extrafusal fibers are parallel to intrafusals - Static portion sense length - Dynamic portion senses speed of movement
72
What do static vs dynamic portions of muscle spindles sense
-Static: length - Dynamic: speed of movement
73
How many synaptic knobs does the motor neuron have
average is 10,000
74
What is the inverse stretch reflex also known as
golgi tendon reflex
75
Ganglion
collection of cell bodies of neuron
76
In what parts of the nervous system are parasympathetic vs sympathetic
Parasympathetic is only in cranial and sacral nerves sympathetic is in thoracic nerves
77
Compare pre and post ganglionic lengths in sympathetic vs parasympathetic
Parasympathetic: Long pre ganglionic, short post ganglionic Sympathetic: Short pre ganglionic, Long post ganglionic
78

Physiology (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions