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Immunizing Agent Flashcards

2nd topic

1
Q

Innate or Adaptive: no allergic reaction

A

Innate

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2
Q

Innate or Adaptive: immediate and delay hypersensitivity

A

Adaptive

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3
Q

Examples of innate immunity

A

physical barriers/exogenous (skin)
endogenous (stomach acid)
mucosal secretions
phagocytosis (PMNs)
NK cells
WBCs
Lymphocytes
Macrophages

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4
Q

It is the foreign substance that comes in contact with the human body

A

antigen

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5
Q

common examples of antigens

A

viruses
bacteria
microorganisms

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6
Q

common examples of adaptive/acquired immunity

A

vaccines

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7
Q

why is adaptive immunity slow

A

antibody production takes time

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8
Q

which is more potent, innate or adaptive

A

adaptive

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9
Q

example of cells in adaptive (acquired) immunity

A

T cells (cytokines)
B cells (antibodies)

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10
Q

what is phagocytosis

A

engulfing foreign substances

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11
Q

what specific T cell are CD8 and CD4

A

cytotoxic T cells (CD8)
helper T cells (CD4)

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12
Q

Active or Passive: individual produces antibody

A

active

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13
Q

Active or Passive: follows immunization or infection

A

active

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14
Q

Active or Passive: memory (lasting)

A

active

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15
Q

Active or Passive: antibody transferred to individual

A

passive

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16
Q

Active or Passive: gamma-globulin, injections, placental transfer

A

passive

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17
Q

Active or Passive: no memory (temporary)

A

passive

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18
Q

Active or Passive: stimulates the body’s immune system

A

active

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19
Q

Active or Passive: body produces antibodies or cell mediated immunity, or both, which protects against infectious agent (vaccines, toxoids)

A

active

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20
Q

Active or Passive: consists of providing temporary protection through the administration of exogenously produced antibodies

A

passive

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21
Q

example of passive immunity

A

transplacental immunity
immunoglobulin injection (specific purposes)

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22
Q

how long does transplacental immunity (IgG) last

A

first 3-6 months of life

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23
Q

identify what type of immunity (active natural/artificial or passive natural/artificial): infection

A

natural active

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24
Q

identify what type of immunity (active natural/artificial or passive natural/artificial): vaccination

A

artificial active

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25
identify what type of immunity (active natural/artificial or passive natural/artificial): **transfer in vivo or colostrum**
natural passive
26
identify what type of immunity (active natural/artificial or passive natural/artificial): **infusion of serum/plasma**
artificial passive
27
half life of IgG immune antibody
23 days
28
lifespan of memory cells (memory lymphocytes)
years
29
identify what type of immunity (active natural/artificial or passive natural/artificial): transplacental transfer of IgG and breast milk
natural passive
30
identify what type of immunity (active natural/artificial or passive natural/artificial): **immunoglobulins and antisera (antitoxins)**
artificial passive
31
identify what type of immunity (active natural/artificial or passive natural/artificial): **vaccination**
artificial active
32
identify what type of immunity (active natural/artificial or passive natural/artificial): **immunity after infection**
natural active
33
duration of natural passive immunity
short period of time only
34
this immunity happens when a person is exposed to a live pathogen, develops the disease, and becomes immune
natural active
35
substances or organisms that provokes an immune response (produces immunity) when introduced into the body
immunizing agents
36
suspension of attenuated live or killed microorganisms administered to induce immunity and thereby prevent infectious disease
vaccines
37
contains 15% - 18% protein obtained by cold ethanol fractionation of large pools of blood plasma
immunoglobulins
38
primarily indicated for certain immune deficient people, passive immunization against measles and Hep A, and special IV preparations for immunoglobulin deficient patients
immunoglobulins
39
blood serum containing monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies that is *used to spread passive immunity* to many diseases
antisera
40
what is the smallest and the most dominant Ig in the body
IgG
41
killed or live vaccine: multiple doses
killed
42
killed or live vaccine: single dose
live
43
killed or live vaccine: need for adjuvant
killed
44
killed or live vaccine: no need for adjuvant
live
45
killed or live vaccine: longer duration of immunity
live
46
killed or live vaccine: shorter duration of immunity
killed
47
killed or live vaccine: greater effects
live
48
killed or live vaccine: lower effects
killed
49
killed or live vaccine: produces only IgG
killed
50
killed or live vaccine: produces IgG and IgA
live
51
killed or live vaccine: stable at room temp
killed
52
killed or live vaccine: low stability at room temp
live
53
characteristics of effective vaccines
safety protection long lasting effects cost administration
54
constituents of immunizing agents
suspending fluid preservative, stabilizers, antibiotics adjuvants
55
common example of suspending fluid
NSS or distilled water
56
this may be a complex fluid *containing small amounts of protein* in other constituents derived from the medium or biologic system in which the immunizing agent is produced (serum proteins, egg antigens, cell culture-derived agents)
suspending fluid
57
this is used to vaccines to inhibit or prevent bacterial growth in viral culture or the final product, and to stabilize the antigen
preservatives, stabilizers, antibiotics
58
true or false: allergic reactions may occur because of the adjuvants used in vaccines
false, allergic ractions may occur because of the **preservatives, stabilizers, antibiotics** used in vaccines
59
this enhances the immune response to vaccines containing inactivated microorganisms
adjuvants
60
adjuvants can be in what forms
aluminum salt oil in water adjuvants
61
refers to the antibody-containing preparations
antiserum
62
Interpret the result RT-qPCR: + IgM: - IgG: -
Patient may be in the *window period of infection*
63
Interpret the result RT-qPCR: + IgM: + IgG: -
Patient may be in the *early stage of infection*
64
Interpret the result RT-qPCR: + IgM: + IgG: +
Patient is in the *active phase of infection*
65
Interpret the result RT-qPCR: + IgM: - IgG: +
patient may be in the *later or recurrent stage of infection*
66
Interpret the result RT-qPCR: - IgM: + IgG: -
patient may be in the *early stage of infection* RT-qPCR result may be **false negative**
67
Interpret the result RT-qPCR: - IgM: - IgG: +
patient may have had a *past infection and has recovered*
68
Interpret the result RT-qPCR: - IgM: + IgG: +
patient may be in the *recovery stage* of an infection RT-qPCR result may be **false negative**
69
Immunoglobulin that has unknown function
IgD
70
an IgA monomer
serum igA
71
an IgA dimer
secretory IgA
72
ig prominent in early immune response and indicates acute infection
igM
73
an ig that is 75% of total body concentration
IgG
74
what ig should be associated in ur colostrum
IgG
75
duration of immune response in natural active
long
76
duration of immune response in artificial activr
long
77
duration of immune response in passive immunity
short
78
examples of innate in **physical**
- skin - cough reflex - tears - mucosal layers - stomach acids
79
examples of innate **phagocytes**
- monocytes - macrophages - neutrophils - NK cells - dendritic cells
80
adaptive T lmyphocytes
- helper T cells - cytotoxic T cells
81
adaptive B lymphocytes
- clonal B lymphocytes - memory B cells

IS Lab (10 decks)

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