Topic 1

Question 1

Considerations when using IS test kits (5)

Answer 1

Antigen-antibody specificity
Sensitivity and specificity
Rapid and efficient detection
Sample compatibility
User-friendly

Question 2

Considerations:
Testing kits rely on the specific interaction between antigens and antibodies, ensuring accurate and targeted detection of the analyte of interest.

Answer 2

Antigen-antibody specificity

Question 3

Considerations:
Ensuring that the testing kit can detect the analyte at low concentrations (?) and accurately distinguish it from other substances (?)

Answer 3

Sensitivity and specificity

Question 4

Considerations:
The principle of delivering quick and efficient results, often through visual indicators or automated processes, to facilitate timely decision-making.

Answer 4

Rapid and efficient detection

Question 5

Considerations:
Designing kits to work with a variety of sample types, such as blood, serum, urine, or swabs to enhance versatility and applicability in different settings.

Answer 5

Sample compatibility

Question 6

Considerations:
Ensuring simplicity in kit operation, often with clear instructions and minimal steps, to accommodate users with varying levels of expertise

Answer 6

User-friendly design

Question 7

Who are responsible for hospital waste management

Answer 7

Hospital staffers
Government agencies
Non-Government agencies

Question 8

These can make the specimen unacceptable

Answer 8

Lipemic
Hemolyzed sample
Bacterial cotamination

Question 9

Term used for presence of excess bilirubin in blood stream

Answer 9

Icteric

Question 10

—- or —- serum may give invalid results or may interfere with the tests

Answer 10

Icteric or turbid

Question 11

Reason why collect blood before a meal

Answer 11

To avoid chyle (milky body fluid consisting of lymph and emulsified fats or free fatty acids)

Question 12

Contamination with —- or —- must be avoided

Answer 12

Alkali or acid

Question 13

What to do when sample collected is hemolyzed?

Answer 13

Repeat collection

Question 14

Color of icteric sample

Answer 14

Dark yellow to very dark yellow (brownish-like)

Question 15

What false results do icteric samples cause

Answer 15

Very high bilirubin or AST/ALT

Question 16

Appearance of lipemic sample

Answer 16

Turbid to milky consistency of sera

Question 17

Results of lipemic sample

Answer 17

Very high cholesterol and triglycerides

Question 18

Manual pipeting samples per hour

Answer 18

5-10 samples per hour

Question 19

Hand pipeting using —- is fast in small applications and only requires the hand of a practiced lab tech instead of extra hardwrae

Answer 19

Fixed-volume

Question 20

Disadvantages of manual pipetting

Answer 20

Time-consuming
Results can be unreliable
Repetitive actions can lead to injury

Question 21

This pipet offers a way for labs to incrementally scale up production and increase reproducibility

Answer 21

Semi-automatic pipettes

Question 22

How many samples per hour in semi-automatic pipettes

Answer 22

11-100

Question 23

This only requires the technician to move the hand probe from one vessel to another vessel

Answer 23

Semi-automatic pipettes

Question 24

This is most valuable in high-throughput applications that benefit from completely removing human movements

Answer 24

Automation

Question 25

Automation can process hundreds of sample at a time and follow ———

Answer 25

Highly complex methods without deviation

Question 26

This can protect you from hazardous/infectious samples

Answer 26

Automation

Question 27

—- and —- solutions can cause problems with the measurement and delivery of samples and solutions

Answer 27

Bubbles and viscous

Question 28

What causes bubbles

Answer 28

Wrong procedure handling

Question 29

Complements can be inactivated by —- or after 4 hours reinactivated —-

Answer 29

Heating to 56C for 30mins or after 4 hours reinactivated by heating for 10mins

Question 30

Types of pipette

Answer 30

Transfer pipette: volumetric and ostwald folin pipette Graduated pipette: serological and mohr pipette Micropipette

Question 31

A disposable plastic pipets used to transfer small volumes of liquids

Answer 31

Transfer pipette

Question 32

TD types that have the bulb closer to the center and accurately deliver a fixed volume of aqueous solutions

Answer 32

Volumetric pipette

Question 33

TD types that have the bulb closer to the delivery tip because they deliver viscous fluids. These pipettes deliver an accurate volume by being blown out using a pipetting bulb

Answer 33

Ostwald folin pipette

Question 34

This pipet have with its volume, in increments, marked along the tube, is used to accurately measure and transfer a volume of liquid from one container to another

Answer 34

Graduated pipette Tapered end and graduation marks on the stem Serologic Mohr

Question 35

This pipet is calibrated between marks and cannot be blown out

Answer 35

Mohr pipet

Question 36

Which pipet is graduated to the tip and which isn’t

Answer 36

Serological pipet is graduated to the tip Mohr pipet is not graduated to the tip

Question 37

This pipet allow rapid repetitive measurements and delivery of predetermined volumes of reagents and specimens

Answer 37

Micropipet

Question 38

Micropipet is —- operated device

Answer 38

Piston operated device

Question 39

True or false: when pipetting it is to remember to have it in horizontal position

Answer 39

Vertical position