immuno Flashcards
(119 cards)
1
Q
what is a antigen
A
anything usage protien
only one lipid cardiolipin
2
Q
hapten
A
under 6000 dalton
3
Q
immunogen
A
over then 6000
4
Q
macrophages
A
ingest phagosomes formation digest prestent on mhc 2 complex on v beta region invariant chain is displaced il 1 released
5
Q
il 1
A
fever . il 1
recruits t helper cells
no specific signs of illness
6
Q
hb bugs
A
legionella lyme disease changas disease diptheria typhiod fever
7
Q
hb treatment
A
atropin
8
Q
fever secreats
A
iga heat in your body secrets giga
9
Q
most common detergent
A
phenol
10
Q
most common detergent in hospital
A
idonin
11
Q
what do detregents do
A
destroy membrane and inactivate endotoxin
12
Q
kills 99% og germs
A
detergent
13
Q
spores are made up of
A
ca dipocholinic acid -bacilius and clostrinium
14
Q
most immunogenic bateria
A
shegella
15
Q
macrophage in brain
A
microglia
16
Q
macrophage in lungs
A
type 1 pneumocytes
17
Q
macrophages in liver
A
kuffer cells
18
Q
macrophage in spleen
A
res cell
19
Q
macrophage in lyph
A
dendritic cells
20
Q
macrophage in bone
A
osteoclase
21
Q
macrophage in kidneys
A
mesangial cells
22
Q
m cells
A
peyers patches
23
Q
macrophage in skin
A
langerhan cells
24
Q
macrophage in blood
A
monocytes
25
macrophage in connective tissue
epithelial cells, giant cells, histiocytes
26
humoral
blood, b cells neutrophils bacteria!!!!
27
cell mediated
connective tissue , t cells, macrophages viruse, lupus. all else !
28
most common reason for macrophages in blood
virues mcc cmv, ebv
29
inflamation
```
first 24 hours swelling
neutrophiles day one peak in 3days
day 4 cell macrophages show up peak at day7
fibroblast day 7 show up peak at 30days
3-6 months complete fibrosis
biopsy will show fibrosis
x ray will show micro classifications
```
30
destroy anything with decreased mhc class 1 antigen
nk cells
31
digeorge syndrom
third pharyngeal pouch is missing chromosome 22
| inferior parathyroid gland is missing only immune deficency with hyporcalcemia
32
cronic mucocutaniouse candidiasis
t cell deficient at sub molecular level
t cells can fight everything else under all else except candida
candida infections on skin and mucous membrane
causes cronic fatigue
tx. anti fungal medication
33
anti fungal
nystatin most common (polee) clotrimazol miconazol (azol) amphotericin b.
34
anti fungals bind to
lipid in wall of ergustol poke holes in membrane .
| relase k stops them na and cl go in and kill it
35
first line of theropy in systemic fungal infection
amphotericin b with glucytosin it stops dna replication
36
oral antifungals
fluconozol ketoconalzol . inhibit synthsis of ergostorol.
37
ketoconazol blocks
5 a reductase in testis . causes gynocomastia and also treatment for hirshtisim. blocks p450 warfarin levels increase .
wept
38
drugs dependant on p450 (destroys drug)
```
warfarin
estrogen
phenetonin
thyalphanin
digitalis
```
39
1 dose treatment for candidas
fluconozole
150 mg tablet
3 times a week decreases recurrence
40
steroids
kill t cell and eosinophiles
inhibit macs migration
stabalize mast cells membrane and endothelium inhibit phospholipase a.
41
physiologic effects
proteolysis
gluconeogenisis
up regulate all receptors duruing stress
42
prednisone
mainly po
43
triamcinolone
cuases thrus tx statin
44
nasal given
bethamethasone and beclomethasone.
45
dexamethasone
mimis cortisol best cns penetration test for cushings
46
cyproterone
dht recptore blocker prostate cancer
47
megestrol
increase hunger in cancer paitents increase estrogen
48
fluticasone
aldosterone addinsons absorbs na
49
methylprednisolone
iv bad fungal lung infection nuerologic shock
50
cyclosporin
prolongs longevity of transplants inhibits calcineurin needed to produce inter lukin
causes hirshtisim and gigivital hyperplasia
51
tacolimus
used in place of cyclosporin no hirshitism
52
sirolomis
blocks tyrosin kinase used to block cellular growth
53
hairy cell leukimia
most commonly b cell lukemia 75%
most frequently a t cell leukemia 25 %
hairy cell membrane projections
tarttrate resistant acid phosphatase trap metastasizes to medial stidum
54
t cell leukemia
mycosis fungoides cutaneouse
sezary syndrome
indented cell membrane
55
scid
```
involves adenosin deaminase deficiency
dan synthesis distrupeted
affects all rapidly dividing cells
affects t and b cells
tx bone marrow transplant
```
56
wischt aldrige syndrom
```
t and b cell interaction
x linked recessive
fair skinned
eczema
thrombositopinea
normal giga and ige levels
increased incidence of lymphoma
```
57
b cell immunodeficies
```
x linked receive
brutons agammaglobulinemia
cell signaling is defective
b cell count is normal function is lacking
early onset
```
58
b cells relocate in
poke weed mitogen and enotoxin
59
cvid
late onset brutons
b cell count is normal b cell functioning
cell signaling is defective
60
lymphoma
98% be cells 2 cell periphery
61
leukemia
98% b cells 2 %t cell periphery
62
plasma cell center
>55 yrs age lower back pain
plasmacytoma only one lesion
multiple myeloma mutiple osteolytic lesions
rouleaux formation
hypercalcemia
igg most common m spike
kappa light chains are most common in bence jones
63
heavy chain disease
iga mutiple myeloma of bowl wall
iga plasma cells visible on biopsy
causes malabsorbtion
64
selective iga def
many mocosal infections
runs with selective igg2 def 95 %
anaphylaxis during a transfusion must use a filter for all
subsequent tranfusion or blood ues from another iga def patient
65
selective igg2 def
runs with selective giga def
igg is main opsin coats encapsulated organism
recurrent encapsulated organism
66
encapsilated organsim gram positive
strep.pneumonia
67
gram negative
```
salmonella
klebsiella
h influenza
pseudomonia
neisseria
citrobactor
```
68
jobs syndrome
cell signaling defect
increased ige
fair skinned
red haired female **
69
nuetrophil defects
myeloperoxidase
nadph def
absolute nuetro pina
70
myeloperoxidase def
recurent positive infections
71
cronic granulomatous disease
naph oxidase def
x linked recessive
negative nbt test !!!blue positive !!!!
72
absoulte nuetropenia
anc (neutrophiles and bands)
73
ppl at risk for psuedomona infection
nuetropinic
cysitic fibrosis-prolapes
burn patients 1 week staph 2 week psuedomona
diabetes staph
74
il1
stimulates t cells
75
il 2
calls recruits all stimulates all cell lines
76
li3
b cell proliferation
77
il4
class switch
78
il5
iga class switch calls einosinophil
79
il6
acute phase reactors under ill esr/arp/ csr
80
il10
suppress t cell mediated needed at day four macrophages
81
il12
advances cell mediated . b cell to go away
82
b cells talk to t cells
via cd40 ligand
83
b cells display
cd 19 and 20
84
macrophage defects
NADPH OXIDASE DEF
| Chediak higshi
85
chediak higashi syndrom
lysosomes are slow fusing with ingested pathogen
lysosomal inclusions
albinisim
86
hiv
higest incidence heterosexual black woman and elderly
low incidence pre pubertal female
iv likes acid medium mucosa( alkaline in prepubertal female) and cd4 receptors
87
cd4 receptors are found in the
```
cervix
blood vessel
macrophages
t helpercells
cns
testies
```
88
hiv infection
atteches to cd4 receptor using GDP120
GP 41 IS PORTAL ENTRY INTO CELLS
injects the rna inside
polymerase protien is used to intergrate the RNA into host genome
reverse transcriptase used for transcription
p17 and p24 used for assembly
89
cd4 goes down by
100 every year
90
iv does not
penetrate cell it injects its rna in cell
91
prevent attachment of iv
ccr5 hiv enters tissue
ccr4 cancer breast and colon
surface of wbc
92
screen for iv
elzia test igg antibody comes in 6-8 weeks
westeron blot-protien
northern blot-rna
southern blot-dna
pcr-amplification if patient insist use this
93
igm
shows up 3days peaks 2 wks leaves 2 month
94
igg
shows up at 2 wks peaks 2months last 1 yr
95
baby has no gig why
not present before 6 months
96
t helper cell count
800-1200
97
pregnant woman with hiv cd4
foscarnet - nephrotoxic
98
if eliaza test is negative
retest on 6-8wks
99
western blot must be positive for
two protiens
100
western blot is
specific
101
eliza is
sensative
102
t helper cell count in adult
800-1200
103
te helper cell count in kids
1500
104
begin treatment when cd4 count is
105
begin treatment when cd4 count is l
106
begin pcp profalaxis
cd4 count
107
begin mai prophylaxis
cd4
108
bugs susceptible after
cmv
| tx. gencyclovier
109
hiv treatment
2 nucleotides one protease inhibitor
110
azt nucleoside
blasto mone marrow causes a plastic anemia increase cd4 count
111
3tc nucleoside
adhances azt levels lowers change of toxicity
112
protase inhibitor 4dt
straduvidine
113
ddi ddc protase ihnibitor
sever pancreatitis and nuerpathy , didanocin and calcitraline
114
pcp prophylaxis
trimethroprim sulfamethoxazole - bactrum
115
pentamidine aerosol
yoroveki if allergic
116
nuetrophil
60%
117
lymphocites
30
118
monocytes
8
119
eosinophile
2
