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Medicine 🩺 > Immunology 👾 > Flashcards

Immunology 👾 Flashcards

1
Q

Cells with specialized antigen presenting functions-

A

BMD – B lymphocytes, Macrophages, Dendritic cells

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2
Q

Most abundant antibody in serum

A

IgG

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3
Q

Which antibody can cross placenta-

A

IgG

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4
Q

Which antibody acts as an opsonin-

A

IgG1 & IgG3
(Fc segments)

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5
Q

Which antibody is particularly important in defence against polysaccharide antigens-

A

IgG2

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6
Q

Highly effective at neutralizing toxins-

A

IgA

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7
Q

Which antibody is most abundant in external secretions-

A

IgA

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8
Q

Antibodies present in external secretion

A

GAM

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9
Q

Antibodies that act through complement activation-

A

GM

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10
Q

Which antibody is most efficient in complement activation-

A

IgM

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11
Q

Which antibody has highest molecular weight-

A

IgM

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12
Q

Important in defence against parasite infection-

A

IgE

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13
Q

Function in B cell development-

A

IgD

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14
Q

First antibody that is produced following exposure to a new antigen-

A

IgM

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15
Q

IgM appears in serum after-

A

5-10 days

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16
Q

Following subsequent re-exposure, lag time between exposure and production of antibody is decreased to-

A

2-3 days

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17
Q

During re exposure with same antigen, antibody response is dominated by-

A

IgG

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18
Q

After production of IgM, production of other antibodies takes –

A

1-2 weeks

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19
Q

Additional input from T lymphocyte to produce antibodies is required in-

A

Primary antibody response

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20
Q

Predominant antibody in mucosal surface-

A

IgA

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21
Q

Direct biomarker of acute inflammation-

A

CRP

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22
Q

CRP is synthesized by-

A

Liver

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23
Q

CRP acts as-

A

BAO
( biomarker, APR, Opsonin)

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24
Q

Following an inflammatory stimulus, circulating concentrations of CRP rises within –

A

6 hours

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25
Q

Half life of CRP-

A

18 hours

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26
Q

Sequential measurements of CRP is useful for-

A

monitoring disease activity

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27
Q

Sensitive early indicator of acute phase response-

A

CRP

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28
Q

Indirect measure of inflammation-

A

ESR

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29
Q

Reliable marker of inflammation-

A

Plasma viscosity

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30
Q

Conditions associated with normal CRP & raised ESR:

A

LUPUS OME
L= SLE
U= Ulcerative Colitis
P= Pregnancy
U
S=Sjogren Syndrome

O= Old age
M=Multiple Myeloma
E=ESRD

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31
Q

Conditions associated with raised CRP & raised ESR:

A

Bacterial infection ( Acute, Necrotising,Chronic)
Viral infection (Acute)
Fungal infection (Acute,Chronic)
Localized abscess
Bacterial endocarditis
Tuberculosis
Crohn’s Disease
Polymyalgia Rheumatica
Inflammatory Arthritis
Acute inflammatory diseases

32
Q

Anti inflammatory cytokines are-

A

Interleukin-4
Interleukin-10
TGF-B

33
Q

Pro inflammatory cytokines are-

A

Interleukin-1,2,6,8,17,23
TNF-Alpha
Interferon-Gamma

34
Q

Interleukins causing fever-

A

IL-1
IL-6
TNF-alpha

35
Q

T cell deficiency causes infection with which bacterias?

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Atypical mycobacteria

36
Q

T cell deficiency causes infection with which fungi-

A

Candida
Aspergillus
Pneumocystis jirovecii

37
Q

Infection with M.tb or atypical mycobacteria may suggest which immunodeficiency?

A

T lymphocyte deficiency
Phagocyte deficiency

38
Q

Staph aureus infection occurs in-

A

1)Phagocyte deficiency
2)Antibody deficiency

39
Q

Phagocyte deficiency causes infection with:

A

No(Nocardia)
Burkha (Burkholderia)
Stephanie (Staph A)
Candy (Candida)
To
Sera (Serratia)
As per (Aspergillus)
Pseudo (Pseudomonas)
Tv (TB-Mtb+atypical)

40
Q

T cell deficiency causes infection with-

A

L= lung( Aspergillus)
Y
M= MTB+ atypical TB
P=Pneumocystis jirovecii
H=HZV, HPV, HHV ( not HIV)
O
C=Candida
Cytomegalovirus
Cryptosporidia
Y
T=Toxoplasma gondii
E= EBV

41
Q

Complement deficiency causes infection with

A

NHS
Neisseria meningitis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Hemophilus influenzae
Streptococcus pneumoniae

42
Q

Antibody deficiency causes infection with-

A

HSSG
Hemophilus influenzae
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Staphylococcus aureus
Giardia lamblia

43
Q

common sites of chronic granuloma formation-

A

BULLS
Lung, lymph nodes, soft tissue, bone, skin, urinary tract

44
Q

Most common site of granuloma-

A

Lungs

45
Q

Most common primary antibody deficiency

A

Selective IgA deficiency

46
Q

Recognized complication of common variable immune deficiency

A

Bronchiectasis

47
Q

Diseases associated with common variable immune deficiency

A

ITP
Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Lymphoproliferative Diseases

48
Q

In all Primary immune deficiency which vaccines should be avoided-

A

Live

49
Q

Treatment of choice in severe combined immune deficiency?

A

Stem cell transplantation

50
Q

Patients in whom T lymphocyte deficiency is suspected,they should be screened for-

A

HIV

51
Q

Half life of IgG

A

21 days

52
Q

Hyperimmune globulin is used in-

A

R-PET VH-PEP C-PI
1) Rabies (post exposure treatment)
2) Hepatitis B (post exposure prophylaxis)
3) Varicella Zoster ( post exposure prophylaxis)
4)Cytomegalovirus ( as prophylaxis in immunosuppressed/transplant patients)

53
Q

Recurrent cough+ diarrhea=?

A

Selective IgA deficiency

54
Q

Defective/No antibody response to polysaccharide antigen

A

Specific antibody deficiency

55
Q

Patients with complement deficiency should be vaccinated with-

A

Meningococcal vaccine
Pneumococcal vaccine
H.influenzae B vaccine

56
Q

Prevention of meningococcal infection-

A

Lifelong prophylactic penicillin

57
Q

Patients with T lymphocyte deficiency should be considered for –

A

Anti-pneumocystis and anti-fungal prophylaxis

58
Q

Physiological causes of secondary immune deficiency-

A

Age
Pregnancy
Prematurity

59
Q

Infections causing secondary immune deficiency-

A

HIV
Measles
Mycobacterial infections

60
Q

Drugs causing secondary immune deficiency-

A

Anti-epileptic drugs
Stem cell transplantation
Radiation injury
Immunosuppressants
Anti cancer drugs
Glucocorticoids

61
Q

Sources of Interferon-alpha?

A

T cell
Macrophage
(ATM)

62
Q

Sources of interferon-gamma?

A

T cell
NK cell
(GTN)

63
Q

Resident cells of lymph node?

A

Cortex- B cell
Paracortex- T cell, Dendritic cell
Medulla-Plasma cell,Macrophages

64
Q

Primary/Azurophil granules of the neutrophils contain which enzymes?

A

Myeloperoxidase

65
Q

Secondary granules of the neutrophil contain-

A

LLC
L= Lysozyme
L=Lactoferrin
C=Collagenase

66
Q

Opsonins include-

A

CRP
IgG
C3b

67
Q

Phagocytes include-

A

Macrophage
Monocyte
Neutrophil

68
Q

Cells of the innate immunity system-

A

1)Neutrophil
2)Eosinophil
3)Basophil
4)Monocyte
5)Macrophage
6)Mast cell
7)Natural Killer cell

69
Q

Cells of the adaptive immune system-

A

1)B cell
2)T cell
3)Antigen presenting cell

70
Q

Components of both innate & adaptive immune system-

A

1)NK cell
2)Macrophage
3)Complement

71
Q

Mucosal immunity-

A

Th17

72
Q

Positive phase reactants are-

A

CRP
Amyloid A
Alpha-1 Antitrypsin
Alpha-1 Antichymotrypsin
Ferritin
Lactoferrin

73
Q

Negative phase reactants-
(Increased in chronic inflammation)

A

Albumin
Urea

74
Q

Factors helping in Resolution of inflammation-

A

TGF-Beta
PDGF

75
Q

Chronic inflammation is frequently associated with-

A

Normocytic normochromic anemia
(anemia of chronic disease)

Medicine 🩺 (18 decks)

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