Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Leila's Yr 5 Pathology > Immunology 4 - Immune modulation 1 > Flashcards

Immunology 4 - Immune modulation 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Relationship between T helper cells and CD8+ T cells

A

Provide help to CD8+ T cells by secreting IL-2 (growth factor)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

APCs

A

Dendritic cells, macrophages, B cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why is T cell memory response so gr8 compared to the primary immune response?

A
  • Memory T cells continue to proliferate even in absence of Ag, longevity
  • Memory T cells express different cell surface receptors which allow them to migrate to non lymphoid tissue where microbes enter
  • Rapid robust response to subsequent antigen exposure (lower threshold of activation than Naive cells)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Antibody class in re-exposure to antigen

A

pre formed IgG

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

With the influenza vaccine, how is protection acquired? Which cell controls the viral load?

A

CD8 + T cells control the viral load (antibody provides protective response)

Antibodies targeted against Haemaggluttinin (HA) on influenza virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How can the antibodies in influenza be detected?

A

HA inhibition assay

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When do you get protection from virus and for how long after flu vaccine?

A

After 7 days, generally lasts for 6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

BCG type of vaccine

A

Live attenuated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which cell mediates the immune response to TB?

A

T-cell mediated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does BCG maiNLY provide protection against?

A

Some protection against primary infection but mainly to prevent progresstion to active TB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

mantoux test

A

 Inject a small amount of liquid tuberculin (AKA purified protein derivative / PPD) intradermally

  • Re-examine site 48-72 hrs later
  • +ve if >10mm (anyone)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Examples of live attenuated vaccine

A 
MMR BVOY
MMR
BCG
VZV
Oral - polio (Sabin)
Yellow fever
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Of the live attenuated vaccines, which are HIV safe and which aren’t?

A

MMR = HIV safe

BCG + Yellow fever = NOT SAFE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Examples of inactivated vaccines

A

Influenza, cholera, polio (SalK), HAV, pertussis, rabies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Examples of component/subunit vaccines

A

HbS antigen, HPV, Influenza (neuraminidase, HA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Examples of toxoid vaccine

A

Diphtheria, pertussis, tetanus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Disadvantages of live attenuated

A

Disease conversion, storage issues, spread to contacts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Advantages of inactivated/component/toxoid

A

Easier storage, lower cost, used in immunodeficient pts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Conjugate vaccines = ?

A

Polysaccharide antigen target + protein target

20
Q

Examples of conjugate vaccines adn which bacteria do they provide immunity to?

A

Pneumococcus, Hib, meningococcus

Encapsulated bacteria

21
Q

Role of adjuvants

A

Increase the immune response without altering its specificity

Mimic the action of PAMPs on TLR and other PRRs

22
Q

Which adjuvant is most commonly used in vaccination of humans? How does it work?

A

Alum (hepA, hepB and HIb)
Antigens slowly released over time
Increased IL-4 secreiton which prime naive B cells

23
Q

CpG - what is it?

A

Adjuvant, cytosine bound to guanine with phosphate in the middle

CpG motivs bind PRR (TLR9) and induce immune response

24
Q

What kind of antigen is associated with better immunogenicity

A

Protein antigen, polysaccharide antigens are poorly immunogenic

25
Q

DNA/mRNA vaccine MOA

A

Injecting plasmid containing chosen genes into muscle cells -> protein exp on surface​

Mimic viral infection + stimulate T cell response

26
Q

aDVANTAGES AND disadvantages of DNA/mRNA vaccines

A

Faster to produce

Disadvantages:
DNA: plasmid can integrate in to host DNA –> AUTOIMMUNITY

mRNA: hard to store as unstable

27
Q

Dendritic cell vaccines MOA and examples

A

MOA: take patients dendritic cells, load them with tumour antigen then reintroduce them in to the patient

e.g. Sipuleucel T/provenge (Prostate cancer)

28
Q

indications for HSCT

A

SCID, leukocyte adhesion deficiency, haematological malignancy

29
Q

Indications for antibody replacement (IVIG)

A 
GIVEN IV/SC, every 3-4 weeks
Primary antibody deficinecy:
Bruton's
Hyper IgM 
CVID
30
Q

2 types of immunoglobulin based therapies used to boost the immune system?

A

Human normal IgG

Specific Ig

31
Q

Examples of specific Ig

A

VZIG, Rabies ig, HBV Ig, tetanus Ig

32
Q

3 examples of recombinant cytokines used to boost the immune response (cytokine therapy)

A

IFNa
IFNb
IFNg
IL-2

33
Q

IFNa uses

A

CML, Hairy cell leukaemia, MM

34
Q

IFNb uses

A

Behcets, relapsing MS

35
Q

IFNg

A

Chronic granulomatous disease

36
Q

il-2 as a cytokine therapy, use?

A

RCC

37
Q

Which CART therapy is most commonly used and which malignancies is it successful against?

A

CD19-CART cell, successful against CD19 B cell malignancies

38
Q

Antibody specific for CTLA4

A

Ipilimumab (checkpoint blockade thus increased T cella ctivity)

39
Q

Antigens bound to CD28

A

CD80/86 (B7) (stimulatory)

40
Q

ctla-4 ANTIGENS

A

CD80/86 (B7) (inhibitory)

41
Q

Which cells is PD-1 found on?

A

Tregs

42
Q

Which cells are PD-L1 and PD-L2 found?

A

APC and some tumours i.e. can activate PD-1 which is inhibitory –> inactivates the T cells

43
Q

Drugs targeting PD-1

A

Pembrolizumab and nivolumab

44
Q

Which malignancies are CTLA-4 and PD-1 monoclonals successful against?

A

Melanoma

45
Q

SE of chekcpoint inhibitors

A

Autoimmunity

Leila's Yr 5 Pathology (100 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions