Immunology

Question 1

Lymph nodes

Answer 1

Located: neck, armpits, groin

Filter foreign particles from the blood; store lymphocytes and macrophages

Question 2

Thymus

Answer 2

Located posterior to the breast bone

Site of T cell maturation

Question 3

Bone marrow

Answer 3

A huge component of long bones where all blood cells including B and T lymphocytes are made

Question 4

Spleen

Answer 4

Located in the Left Upper Quadrant, this helps filter the blood; if it is removed, the liver and bone marrow take over its function however individuals are at a high risk of infection

Question 5

Immunity

Answer 5

The ability of an organism to resist a particular infection/toxin
An adaptive internal protection resulting in long-term resistance to invading organisms

Question 6

The Immune System…

Answer 6

Recognizes Self
Is Specific
Is Systemic
Has Memory

Question 7

White Blood Cells

Answer 7

Developed from Stem cells, into myelocytes which then differentiate into the various types of WBCs: Neutrophils (Bands and Segs), Basophils, Eosinophils, Monocytes, and Lymphocytes
Most to least numerous: NLMEB

Question 8

Neutrophils

Answer 8

2,500- 8,000 (55-70%)
Consume bacteria, fungi, and foreign material
Composed with cytoplasmic granuals
Play a role in the inflammatory process

Question 9

Bands

Answer 9

Immature neutrophils
(3-5%)
Not capable of phagocytosis 
#> acute bacteria infection
#

Question 10

Segs

Answer 10

40-60%
Body's primary defense against bacteria and physiologic stress
#> acute bacteria infection, stress, eclampsia, trauma
#

Question 11

Shift to the Left

Answer 11

A high number of young, immature WBCs characteristic of an infection/inflammation as the bone marrow naturally ramps up cell production
Named such based on paper printouts of labs in which the order of WBCs was: Neutrophils, Eosinophils, Basophils, Lymphocytes, and then Monocytes, so on the printout, there would be more/higher numbers on the left side of the sheet, indicating an increases in the number of neutrophils, specifically the Bands

Question 12

Lymphocytes

Answer 12

1,000-4,000 (20-40%)
Primary components of the immune system; composed of: B cells (plasma and memory) and T cells (helper [CD4], cytotoxic [CD8], suppressor, and memory cells
#> chronic bacteria infection, lymphocytic leukemia, multiple myeloma, viral infection
#

Question 13

Monocytes

Answer 13

100-700 (2-8%)
Scavengers that circulate in the blood for 24 hours before migrating to tissues (lungs and liver) to become macrophages: inevitably found in the spleen, bone marrow, and lose connective tissue
Part of the second line of defense, these cells act as phagocytes in some inflammatory diseases
#> chronic inflammation, parasite, TB, viral infection
#

Question 14

Eosinophils

Answer 14

50-500 (1-4%)
Motile phagocytes with antiparacitic functions; Allergic reactions 
#> Allergic reaction, hypersensitivity reaction

Question 15

Tonsils and Adenoids

Answer 15

Filter foreign particles