Test 1 Review

Question 1

Licensure

Answer 1

Based on laws passed by state legislature that define minimum requirements for practice

Done through: NCLEX, Licensure by endorsement, Continuing education credits

Question 2

SMART Goals

Answer 2

S- specific
M- measurable
A- achievable 
R- realistic
T- timely

Question 3

Modifiable Risks for Heart Disease

Answer 3

Personal Habits: Smoking, Physical Innactivity, Obesity
Hypertension, High Cholesterol
Psychological

Something that the patient can change in order to lower their risk of getting heart disease

Question 4

Non-modifiable Risks for Heart Disease

Answer 4

Age
Gender
Ethnicity
Genetics/ Family Hx

Elements that an individual cannot change in order to prevent the development of heart disease (living with the cards you have been dealt)

Question 5

Cardiac Labs used to rule out Atherosclerosis

Answer 5

Total Cholesterol

Triglycerides

Question 6

Total Cholesterol

Answer 6

X

Question 7

High Density Lipoproteins

Answer 7

X > 45mg/dL in men

X> 55mg/dL in women

Question 8

Low Density Lipoproteins

Answer 8

X

Question 9

Triglycerides

Answer 9

The major form of fat stored by the body. A triglyceride consists of three molecules of fatty acid combined with a molecule of the alcohol glycerol.
X

Question 10

Unstable Angina

Answer 10

Does not go away when the patient sits down and rests

Question 11

Stable Angina

Answer 11

Cardiac pain that goes away when activity is ceased and the patient rests

Question 12

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

Answer 12

A permanent obstruction of airflow

Can be caused by: Emphysema (alveolar problem) or Chronic Bronchitis (inflammation of the bronchioles)

Question 13

Emphysema

Answer 13

A loss of lung elasticity leading to an abnormal accumulation of air in the alveoli . This enlargement/over-stretching can damage the alveoli to a point that CO2 begins to hang around/ be retained. This excess CO2 then becomes that patient’s drive to breath as chronic respiratory acidosis sets in due to the patient’s inability to exhale quick enough.
Pt relies on accessory muscles to breath and too high levels of O2 can prove fatal…

Question 14

Bullae

Answer 14

The collapse of small bronchioles

Question 15

Chronic Bronchitis

Answer 15

Inflammation of the bronchi and bronchioles caused by chronic exposure to irritants (I.e. Smoking, asthmatic triggers). This in turn increases mucous production causing secretions to build up and decreases the number of functional cilia which are “killed off” by excessive CO2

Question 16

Cystic Fibrosis Nursing Priorities

Answer 16

Ineffective breathing pattern r/t presence of mucous/infection
NUTRITION: high calorie diet with small, frequent meals and vitamin supplementation
PANCREATIC ENZYMES: the pancreatic duct is unable to secrete “thick” enzymes (lipase, amylase, trysin) needed to digest carbohydrates, fats, and proteins
DIABETES MANAGEMENT: 75% of CF PT’s end up with glucose intolerances (many become insulin dependent)
TRANSPLANT: A new lung/pancreas can extend a person’s life by 10-20 years
*AIRWAY MAINTENANCE: chest physiotherapy, active breathing, hydration, mucolytics, antibiotics, steroids, humidified oxygen, SpO2 monitoring

Question 17

Credentialing

Answer 17

The process of determining and maintaining competence in nursing

Done through: Accreditation, Licensure, Certification, and Registration

Question 18

Troponin

Answer 18

A complex of three contractile proteins that regulate the interaction of actin and myosin
Released from damaged tissue into circulation
Used to diagnose and assess the damaged caused by an MI
Cardiac Troponin I levels rise 2 to 6 hours after an MI, then has a biphasic peak initially at 15-24 hours post MI and then a lower peak after 60-80 hours
Cardiac Troponin T rises 2-6 hours after an MI
Troponin levels for I and T return to reference range in 7 days
Troponin I Adult range: Less than 0.05 ng/mL
Troponin T range: Less than 0.2 ng/mL

Question 19

Ruling out TB

Answer 19

Chest X-Ray

Quantiferon TB Gold: Measures the amount of TB proteins when mixed with a small amount of blood

Question 20

TB

Answer 20

An infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, an acid fast bacillus that causes tubercles to form in the lungs and other tissues.
Suspected patients schools be placed under airborne isolation precautions, and in negative airflow rooms.

Question 21

Monitor Patients on Bronchodilators for

Answer 21

Tachycardia & Dysrhythmias

Question 22

Calcium Channel Blockers

Answer 22

Inhibit Ca ions from moving across the cell membrane and the cardiac/vascular smooth muscle.
Relaxes smooth muscle and dilates arteries

Question 23

Beta Blockers

Answer 23

Decreases the effects of the sympathetic nervous system
Decreases heart rate

Decreases contractility
Decreases blood pressure

Question 24

ACE Inhibitors

Answer 24

Prevents aldosterone secretion
Inhibits the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
Prevents bradykinin breakdown

Question 25

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers

Answer 25

Prevents the breakdown of bradykinin and substance P

Question 26

Alpha 1 Blockers

Answer 26

Dilates arteries and veins by blocking post-synaptic alpha adrenergic receptors

Question 27

Alpha 2 Receptor Stimulators

Answer 27

Stimulate alpha-adrenergic receptors to inhibit sympathetic vasomotor sensors leading to decreased nerve impulses (which decreases blood pressure) and decreased renin activity

Question 28

Dual Action: Alpha 1 and Beta-receptor blockers

Answer 28

Blocks stimulation of beta myocardial and pulmonary adrenergic receptor sites Decreases heart rate and blood pressure, improves cardiac output

Question 29

Diuretics

Answer 29

``` Thiazide Loop Potassium-Sparing Osmotic CAI's ```