MS- Test 3 Review

Question 1

Osteoarthritis

Answer 1

Progressive deterioration and loss of cartilage in one or more joints.
Affects: hips, knees, vertebral column, and hands
Secondary cause: obesity and joint injury
Dx: C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate
Management: weight control, pain management, alternative therapy, possible surgical intervention

Question 2

Compartment Syndrome

Answer 2

When too mush swelling or blood accumulates in a small space which may lead to tissue death and limb loss due to increased pressure
S/Sx: unrelieved pain especially with passive movement, swelling, normal or decreased pulse, paresthesia; renal failure, shock, loss of limb or life
Tx: Determine cause, aspirate affected area, possible fasciotomy (cut into fascia to relieve pressure)

Question 3

Fat Embolism

Answer 3

When a bone breaks, there is the potential for fat globules of the bone marrow to be released into the blood stream and cause occlusion of a vessel (most common 12-48 hours post break, but may occur weeks after initial injury).
S/Sx: Stroke, Pulmonary Embolism, P ox.

Question 4

Hip Precautions

Answer 4

Abduction pillow to prevent misalignment
Do not cross legs or bend at more than a 90 degree angle (adaptive devices)
Continue DVT prophylaxis: compression stockings and anticoagulants
Manage Pain
Safety

Question 5

Casts for Hip dysplasia

Answer 5

Covers a variety of conditions in which the femoral head and acetabulum are improperly aligned (dislocation, subluxation, and dysplasia)
Ortolani Sign: clicking sound as hips are abducted
Barlow Sign: feeling the femoral head slip out as hips are adducted and backwards pressure is applied
Goal: position hips in a flexed abducted position to press the femoral head against the acetabulum (deepen sockets)
Pavlik harness vs. Frejka splint vs. Hip spica cast

Question 6

Cast Care

Answer 6

Elevate
Ice
Keep dry
Assess Pulses, color, sensation, pain, movement, temperature, BP
Skin care
Cast care 
Neurovascular checks

Question 7

Traction

Answer 7

Uses a pulling force to promote and maintain alignment (realign, decrease muscle spasms and pain, correct or prevent deformities
Pin care: one swab per pin once per shift/8hrs
Monitor for infection: drainage, pin loosening, tenting of skin at site

Question 8

Compound Fractures

Answer 8

Break through the skin, high risk of infection

Question 9

Scoliosis

Answer 9

Congenital, neuromuscular, or idiopathic condition in which the vertebral column rotates and compresses causing the spine to move laterally by greater that 10 degrees
S/Sx: Back pain, deformity, cardiopulmonary complications

Brace worn to prevent progression
Surgery: Spinal fusion with rod placement and bone grafting from the iliac crest (Chest tube to 72 hours & NG tube)

Question 10

Prevent Osteoporosis

Answer 10

Adequate: Protein, Magnesium, Vitamin K, increase calcium and vitamin D
Avoid: tobacco, ETOH, caffeine, high impact exercise
Do: weight bearing exercises, strength and resistance training

Question 11

Osteoporosis at Risk Population

Answer 11

Autoimmune Disorders
GI Disorders
Steroid users
Alcoholics
Prolonged Immobility
Post-menopausal women
Anorexic/Bulimic Patients

Question 12

6 P’s of Compartment Syndrome (Neurovascular)

Answer 12

Pain
Paresthesia
Pallor

Polar (skin temp)
Paralysis
Pulses