Immunology

Question 1

what immune property do tears have?

Answer 1

they wipe away debris from the outer layer of the eye

Question 2

are commensal bacteria an innate or adaptive

Answer 2

innate

Question 3

what is chemotaxis?

Answer 3

chemical signals drawing in enzymes

Question 4

5 immune mediators involved in the in the immediate innate response?

Answer 4

anti microbial proteins
complement
mast cells
macrophages
inflammation

Question 5

2 immune mediators involved in the early immune response?

Answer 5

recruitment/activation of phagocytes

inflammation

Question 6

what timeframe does the immediate immune response start at?

Answer 6

0-4hrs

Question 7

what timeframe does the early immune response start at?

Answer 7

4-96hrs

Question 8

what time does the adaptive immune response start at?

Answer 8

96hrs

Question 9

is the adaptive or innate immune system responsible for memory?

Answer 9

adaptive immune system

Question 10

what is the main problem with the physical barrier of the eye?

Answer 10

there is none so it is exposed

Question 11

how does the eye combat bacteria non chemically?

Answer 11

blink reflex

mucus layer is anti-adhesive

Question 12

what does lysozyme do?

Answer 12

destroys bacterial cell wall

Question 13

what do tears contain to make them anti-inflammatory?

Answer 13

lipids

angiogenin in tear film

Question 14

what does secretory IgA do in the eye?

Answer 14

prevents attachment

Question 15

what interleukins are present in the eye?

Answer 15

IL-6, IL-8

Question 16

what immune cells are present in the eye?

Answer 16

neutrophils
macrophages
mast cells

Question 17

how do neutrophils get to the eye?

Answer 17

chemotaxis

Question 18

what immune cells trigger the adaptive immune system?

Answer 18

macrophages

Question 19

name the antigen presenting cells of the body

Answer 19

dendritic cells
B cells
macrophages

Question 20

name the effector cells of the body?

Answer 20

cd4 t cells
cd8 t cells
b cells

Question 21

principle antigen presenting cell of the external eye?

Answer 21

langerhans cell

Question 22

which type of MHC cell is present in langerhans cells?

Answer 22

class 2

Question 23

where in the eye are langerhans cells most abundant?

Answer 23

limbus

Question 24

where in the eye are langerhans cells least abundant?

Answer 24

cornea (central 1/3 in particular)

Question 25

only part of the eye with lymphatic drainage?

Answer 25

conjunctiva

Question 26

main lymphoid tissue present in the eye

Answer 26

MALT (mucosa associated lymphoid tissue)

Question 27

what cells are contained within the MALT of the eye?

Answer 27

macrophages langerhans cells mast cells

Question 28

what 2 types of cell does the lacrimal gland have more of compared to the conjunctiva

Answer 28

plasma cells | CD8 T cells

Question 29

what kind of cell are langerhans cells?

Answer 29

macrophages

Question 30

define immune privilege

Answer 30

a structure that is able to tolerate the introduction of antigens without eliciting an immune response from the rest of the body

Question 31

what structures are said to have immune privilege

Answer 31

placenta eyes testes

Question 32

what type of MHC molecules does the cornea express if any?

Answer 32

MHC class 1

Question 33

what does ACAID stand for?

Answer 33

anterior chamber associated deviation

Question 34

what is ACAID?

Answer 34

placement of an antigen into the eye to make the eye tolerant to it

Question 35

rare, bilateral granulomatous uveitis?

Answer 35

sympathetic opthalmia

Question 36

cause of sympathetic opthalmia?

Answer 36

trauma | surgery in 1 eye

Question 37

is 1 or both eyes affected in sympathetic opthalmia?

Answer 37

2 but only 1 eye is actually injured, they both appear the same

Question 38

medical name for dry eyes

Answer 38

keratoconjunctivitis sicca

Question 39

cause of lens uveitis?

Answer 39

damage to lens capsule | immature lens

Question 40

what is the constant region of an Ab called?

Answer 40

Fc

Question 41

what is the antibody specific region of an Ab called?

Answer 41

Fab

Question 42

what kind of hypersensitivity is acute allergic conjunctivits?

Answer 42

type 1

Question 43

what is chemosis?

Answer 43

oedema of the conjunctiva

Question 44

2 ways in which cells are killed in type 2 hypersensitivity

Answer 44

macrophages/NK cells | complement

Question 45

type of hypersensitivity involved in ocular cicatricial pemphigoid?

Answer 45

2

Question 46

clinical presentation of ocular cicatricial pemphigoid?

Answer 46

blistering and scarring of conjunctiva hazy cornea vascularisation

Question 47

treatment for ocular cicatricial pemphigoid?

Answer 47

steroids | immune modulators

Question 48

what does chemosis look like?

Answer 48

jelly

Question 49

outer layer of the cornea melting with inner layer bulging forward?

Answer 49

autoimmune corneal melting

Question 50

what kind of hypersensitivity reaction is autoimmune corneal melting

Answer 50

3

Question 51

what type of hypersensitivity undergoes clonal expansion

Answer 51

4

Question 52

what hypersensitivity would tissue/graft rejection come under?

Answer 52

4

Question 53

what could you see on examination of the cornea to suggest rejection?

Answer 53

vascularisation of cornea

Question 54

treatment of most autoimmune eye conditions?

Answer 54

steroids

Question 55

steroid ocular side effects?

Answer 55

cataracts | steroid induced glaucoma