Microbiology

Question 1

what type and shape of bacteria is neisseria?

Answer 1

gram negative cocci

Question 2

what type of shape of bacteria is h. influenzae?

Answer 2

gram -ve cocci-bacilli

Question 3

gram -ve bacilli?

Answer 3

pseudomonas

Question 4

what is an infection of the cornea called?

Answer 4

keratitis

Question 5

what is an infection of the entire eyeball called?

Answer 5

endophthalmitis

Question 6

watery red eye - bacterial or viral?

Answer 6

viral

Question 7

gunky red eye - bacterial or viral?

Answer 7

bacterial

Question 8

bacterial causes of bacterial conjunctivitis in neonates?

Answer 8

staph aureus
neisseria gonnorrhoeae
chlamydia trachomatis

Question 9

bacterial causes of bacterial conjunctivitis in adults?

Answer 9

staph aureus
strep pneumoniae
haemophilus influenzae

Question 10

first line investigation for bacterial conjunctivitis

Answer 10

bacterial swab

Question 11

first line treatment and frequency for bacterial conjunctivitis

Answer 11

chloramphenical topical qds

Question 12

contraindications of chloramphenicol

Answer 12

aplastic anaemia

allergy

Question 13

viral causes of viral conjunctivitis

Answer 13

adenovirus
herpes simplex
herpes zoster

Question 14

what should be done before a swab is taken of the eye?

Answer 14

anaesthetic

Question 15

first line investigation for viral conjunctivitis?

Answer 15

viral PCR

Question 16

what is hutcheson’s sign?

Answer 16

sign the nasociliary nerve is involved in CNV1 herpes zoster infection

Question 17

appearance of chlamydial conjunctivitis?

Answer 17

“rice grain” appearance of the inner lid

slightly red eye

Question 18

will chlamydial conjunctivitis present acutely or chronically?

Answer 18

chronic

Question 19

consequence of chlamydial conjunctivitis?

Answer 19

subtarsal scarring

Question 20

main component of the sclera?

Answer 20

collagen

Question 21

white globs on eye with a hypopyon?

Answer 21

bacterial keratitis

Question 22

what is a hypopyon?

Answer 22

collection of white cells at the bottom of the iris, looks like a white meniscus

Question 23

gold standard treatment of bacterial keratitis?

Answer 23

hourly drops in hospital

Question 24

cause of bacterial keratitis?

Answer 24

contact lens use

other corneal pathology

Question 25

dendritic ulcers over eye?

Answer 25

herpetic keratitis

Question 26

is herpetic keratitis painful or painless?

Answer 26

painful

Question 27

what medication should be avoided in suspected herpetic keratitis and why

Answer 27

steroids | can cause a corneal melt or perforated cornea

Question 28

best way to investigate a dendritic ulcer?

Answer 28

fluroscein stain and blue light

Question 29

white subepithelial infiltrates on both eyes?

Answer 29

adenoviral keratitis

Question 30

treatment for adenoviral keratitis?

Answer 30

topical antibiotic | steroids if becomes chronic

Question 31

adenoviral keratitis is contagious T or F

Answer 31

T

Question 32

most common cause of adenoviral keratitis?

Answer 32

URTI

Question 33

fungal causes of keratitis from contact lenses?

Answer 33

acanthamoeba | pseydomonas aerugenosa

Question 34

fungal keratitis heals relatively quickly T or F

Answer 34

F

Question 35

slightly red eye that has been there for a while, not that sore?

Answer 35

fungal keratitis

Question 36

what microbial eye problem can cause proptosis?

Answer 36

orbital cellulitis

Question 37

associated symptoms with orbital cellulitis?

Answer 37

paranasal sinusitis | fever

Question 38

first line investigation for orbital cellulitis?

Answer 38

CT scan to identify orbital abscesses

Question 39

why is orbital cellulitis particularly worrying?

Answer 39

infection can go into the paranasal sinus and go to the brain

Question 40

cause of orbital cellulitis?

Answer 40

focal orbital infection | op

Question 41

will an infected sinus look grey or black on mri

Answer 41

grey

Question 42

causative organisms of orbital cellulitis?

Answer 42

``` Staphylococci Streptococci Coliforms Haemophilus influenzae anaerobes ```

Question 43

Tx for orbital cellulitis?

Answer 43

broad spec ab and monitor | if abscess, drain

Question 44

cause of endophthalmitis?

Answer 44

post surgical | endogenous

Question 45

endophthalamitis isnt painful T or F

Answer 45

F

Question 46

how red is the eye in endophthalamitis?

Answer 46

very red

Question 47

most common cause of endophthalmitis?

Answer 47

staph epi | other commensals of eye

Question 48

Tx for endophthamitis?

Answer 48

intravitreal amikacin/ceftaazidime/vancomycin | + topical abs

Question 49

causative organisms of chorioretinitis?

Answer 49

CMV in aids (rare) toxoplasma gondii toxocara canis

Question 50

"pizza fundus" on fundoscopy

Answer 50

CMV retinitis in AIDS

Question 51

causes of toxoplasmosis?

Answer 51

cats | raw meat

Question 52

symptoms of toxoplasmosis?

Answer 52

mild flu like symptoms

Question 53

toxoplasma appearance on fundoscopy?

Answer 53

pigemented scar in the retina

Question 54

problem with eye drops?

Answer 54

need to be stored in fridge | only last 28 days

Question 55

toxocara sources?

Answer 55

cats | dogs

Question 56

what microbial causes granulomas that cause visual loss?

Answer 56

toxocara

Question 57

investigation for bacterial keratitis?

Answer 57

corneal scrape

Question 58

Ix for endophthalamitis?

Answer 58

aqueous/vitreous for culture

Question 59

Ix for acanthamoeba?

Answer 59

microscopy | culture

Question 60

Ix for toxocara/toxoplasma infection?

Answer 60

serology

Question 61

most commonly used topical antibiotic in opthalmology?

Answer 61

chloramphenicol

Question 62

what kind of bacteria does chloramphenicol kill?

Answer 62

strep | haemophilus

Question 63

what antibiotics inhibit cell wall synthesis?

Answer 63

cehalosporins | penicillins

Question 64

what antibiotics inhibit nucleic acid synthesis?

Answer 64

quinolones eg ciprofloxacin

Question 65

common contaminant of eyedrop bottles?

Answer 65

pseudomonas

Question 66

what organism can chloramphenicol not treat?

Answer 66

pseuodomonas aeruginosa

Question 67

what can fusidic acid treat?

Answer 67

staph aureus

Question 68

what antibiotic is used for pseudomonas aeruginosa?

Answer 68

gentamicin

Question 69

Tx for chlamydial conjunctivitis?

Answer 69

topical oxytetracycline | chlamydia treatment