Immunology and Hematology

Question 1

What is the mechanism of action of cyclosporin A ?

Answer 1

Calineurin and so Il-2 inhibition of LT

Question 2

What is the mechanism of action of mycophenolate mofetil ?

Answer 2

Inhibition of de Novo purine biosynthesis

Question 3

What is the mechanism of action of azathioprine ?

Answer 3

Competitive purine antagonism

Question 4

What is the mechanism of action of leflunomide ?

Answer 4

Inhibition of de Novo pyrimidine biosynthesis

Question 5

What is the mechanism of action of cyclophosphamide/chlorambucil ?

Answer 5

Alkylating agents (particularly cytotoxic to proliferating cells)

Question 6

What pathway tests the prothrombin time/PT ?

Answer 6

The tissue factor (VII, extrinsic) and common pathway (X, V, prothrombin, fibrinogen)

Question 7

What pathway tests the activated partial thromboplastin time/aPTT ?

Answer 7

The contact (XII, XI), intrinsic (VIII, IX) and common (X, V, prothrombin, fibrinogen) pathways

Question 8

What are the factors affected for hemophilia A and B

Answer 8

Hemophilia A: factor VIII
Hemophilia B: factor IX

Question 9

True or false: factor XII deficiency, common in cats, is frequently not associated with clinical bleedings

Answer 9

True

Question 10

How does the hematocrit, fibrinogenemia and platelet count impact thromboelastometry ?

Answer 10

Increased hematocrit, hypofibrinogenemia and thrombocytopenia results in hypocoagulable state.

Question 11

What drugs can be used to shorten thrombocytopenia in dogs with IMT ?

Answer 11

Vincristine and IV human Ig

Question 12

True or false: VWf antigene concentration increases during pregnancy and peaks at parturition

Answer 12

True so this test should not be performed during pregnancy (risk of false negative for VW disease)

Question 13

Is a ratio of (VWf:Antigene)/(VWf:Collagen Binding Activity) >2 suggestive of a VW disease type 2 ?

Answer 13

Yes (absence of large multimeres of VWf so reduced collagene binding activity)

Question 14

What treatment (injectable or intranasal) can be used for VW disease treatment ?

Answer 14

Desmopressine

Question 15

Which breed may be predisposed to Pelger Huet anomaly (hyposegmented neutrophil nuclei) ?

Answer 15

Australian Shepherd

Question 16

Which breed is predisposed to leucocyte adhesion deficiency that provokes marked peripheral mature neutrophilia with absence of neutrophils in tissue ?

Answer 16

Irish Setter

Question 17

What is the trapped neutrophil syndrome of the Border Collie ?

Answer 17

Peripheral neutropenia secondary to increased number of neutrophil in the bone marrow (trapped) +/- craniofacial development abnormalities

Question 18

Which breeds are predisposed to X linked severe combined immunodeficiency (deficiency of Il-2 receptor and development of thymus) ?

Answer 18

Welsh corgi and Basset hound

Question 19

To what disorder of hematopoiesis is predisposed the Gray Collie ?

Answer 19

Cyclic hematopoiesis (approximately 2 weeks periodicity)

Question 20

True or false: Primary myelodysplastic syndrome are clonal disorders arising from mutations within hematopoietic cells and progenitor cells

Answer 20

True

Question 21

True or false: many cases of feline myelodysplastic syndrome are attributable to FeLV

Answer 21

True

Question 22

What are the features of Myelodysplastic syndrome with excess blasts ?

Answer 22

Dysplasia of all lineage with increased myeloblasts (worse prognosis)

Question 23

What are the features of Myelodysplastic syndrome with refractory cytopenia ?

Answer 23

Erythroid dysplasia

Question 24

What are the features of Myelodysplastic syndrome- refractory cytopenia with multilineage dysplasia ?

Answer 24

Dysplasia of at least two lineage without increased meyloblasts

Question 25

What is the name of polyarthritis associated with minimal periosteal new bone formation in cats ?

Answer 25

Feline periosteal proliferative arthritis

Question 26

Are rheumatoid factors always elevated in case of rheumatoid polyarthritis ?

Answer 26

No (elevated in approximately 70% of cases)

Question 27

What is type I hypersensitivity?

Answer 27

Hypersensitivity mediated by IgE and mast cell activation

Question 28

What is type II hypersensitivity?

Answer 28

Hypersensitivity mediated by IgG/IgM cytotoxicity

Question 29

What is type III hypersensitivity ?

Answer 29

Hypersensitivity mediated by immune complex deposition

Question 30

What is type IV hypersensitivity?

Answer 30

Hypersensitivity and cytotoxicity mediated by cells

Question 31

True or false: the SLE is associated with the allele DLA A7 in dogs and DRB1 locus in Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever

Answer 31

True

Question 32

What cell is highly suggestive of SLE what found ?

Answer 32

The Lupus Erythematosus cell (Neutrophil that contains phagocytized nuclear material)

Question 33

What interleukin stimulates eosinophils ?

Answer 33

Interleukine 5

Question 34

What type of MHC class interact with the CD8 T cells?

Answer 34

MHC-I

Question 35

What type of cytokines produces Th1 lymphocytes?

Answer 35

IL-2 and IFN-gamma
(and mediate cellular immunity by activating CD8 Tcells and macrophages)

Question 36

What type of cytokines produces Th2 lymphocytes?

Answer 36

IL-4, IL-5, IL-6 and IL-13
And promotes B-cell activation and differenciation

Question 37

What type of cytokines produces Th17 lymphocytes?

Answer 37

IL-17

Question 38

What does Toll Like Receptor 4 (TLR-4) recognize?

Answer 38

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)

Question 39

What does Toll Like Receptor 5 (TLR-5) recognize?

Answer 39

Flagellin (E.coli)

Question 40

What are the three types of antigen presenting cells?

Answer 40

B lymphocytes, macrophages and dendritic cells

Question 41

Name two type of non specific tumor immunotherapy in veterinary medicine

Answer 41

BCG (bacille Calmette Guérin) and L-MTP (Liposome encapsulated Muramyl Tripeptide)