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ECVIM - Ca > Respiratory Disorders > Flashcards

Respiratory Disorders Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

Which canine breeds are overrepresented for laryngeal paralysis ?

A

Labrador, Golden retriever, St Bernard, Newfoundland, Irish Setter and Brittany Spaniel

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2
Q

Which canine breed specifically presents redundant supra-arytenoid folds and laryngeal collapse ?

A

Norwich Terrier

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3
Q

Name extrapulmonary cough afferent ways (6)

A

Nose, nasopharynx, paranasal sinuses, ear canals, diaphragm and pericardium

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4
Q

What is the lowest pulmonary nodule size that can detect a CT scan ?

A

1-2mm (Vs 7-9mm for radiography)

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5
Q

Of thoracic fluoroscopy and radiography, which one is the best to diagnose tracheal collapse ?

A

Fluoroscopy
(44% of incorrect localisation and 8% of missed cases with radiography)

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6
Q

With what tracheal disease is associated cervical lung lobe herniation ?

A

Collapse of intrathoracic trachea and major bronchi

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7
Q

What is the frequency of peripheral eosinophilia in dogs with eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy ?

A

60%

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8
Q

How many dogs with primary ciliary dyskinesia have a kartagener’s syndrom (bronchiectasis, situs Inversus, chronic rhinosinusitis) ?

A

50%

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9
Q

What mutation was identified for primary ciliary dyskinesia in old English sheepdog?

A

CCDC39

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10
Q

What is the most common cause of pneumothorax in cats ?

A

Asthma (25% of cases)

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11
Q

Which intestinal worms undergo pulmonary migration before the adult worm reaches its final destination in the intestine ?

A

Ancylostoma (hookworm) and Toxocara (roundworm)

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12
Q

What is the intermediate host of paragonimus kellicotti, the pulmonary parenchymal parasite ?

A

Crayfish

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13
Q

What is the intermediate host of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus ?

A

A mollusk

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14
Q

What is the intermediate host of Crenosoma vulpis ?

A

A mollusk

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15
Q

What are the intermediate and paratenic host of Angiostrongylus vasorum ?

A

Intermediate: Mollusk
Paratenic: Frog

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16
Q

Name the three mycobacterias of the tuberculosis type:

A

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, bovis and microti

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17
Q

What type of Influenza virus can cause pneumonitis in dogs ?

A

H3N2 and H3N8

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18
Q

What type of Influenza virus can infect cats ?

A

H5N1 (avian) and H1N1 (human)

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19
Q

Pulmonary edema resorption depends on active Na and Cl transport. So what type of edema is more refractory to treatment and why ?

A

Non cardiogenic edema because the epithelial cells are injured and so active transport altered

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20
Q

How is established the diagnosis of pulmonary lymphomatoid granulomatosis ? (To differentiate it of pulmonary lymphoma)

A

Only by biopsies

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21
Q

Which sex and canine breed are predisposed to eosinophilic pneumonia ?

A

Young, females, Husky, Malamute, Rottweiler

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22
Q

Which canine breeds are predisposed to idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis ?

A

Westie, Staffordshire Bull Terrier and other Terriers

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23
Q

Which canine breeds are predisposed to lung lobe torsion ?

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A

Afghan hound and Pugs

24
Q

What is the definition of pulmonary hypertension?

Study These Flashcards
A

A pulmonary arterial systolic pressure > 30mmHg (diastolic > 19mmHg)
According to the consensus highly probable hypertension >46mmHg

25
What is the Bernoulli equation used to estimate the pulmonary arterial pressure ?
Pressure gradient = 4*(peak velocity)²
26
What is the non dilated right atrial pressure ?
5mmHg
27
What is the dilated right atrial pressure without right sided heart failure ?
10mmHg
28
What is the dilated right atrial pressure with right sided heart failure ?
15mmHg
29
In dyspneic dogs and cats, to what has been strongly associated paradoxical breathing ?
Pleural diseases
30
Is pulmonary vascular scintigraphy more sensitive and specific in detecting and localising PTE than angiography?
Yes
31
How can be sampled motile cilia for the diagnosis of primary ciliary dyskinesia?
Via nasal biopsy
32
What SpO2 value is consistent with severe hypoxemia ?
<90%
33
What value of PaO2 defines hypoxemia ?
<80mmHg
34
What value defines an increase in A-a gradient ?
>15mmHg
35
What main troubles can provoke hypoxemia and increased A-a gradient ?
Ventilation/perfusion mismatch, right to left shunt and alveolar diffusion impairment
36
Name 2 classes of diseases with hypoxemia and normal A-a gradient ?
Low FiO2 and alveolar hypoventilation
37
What is associated with cranial lung lobe herniation in dogs ?
Collapse of the intrathoracic trachea and of major bronchi
38
Which type of drugs should not be used with theophylline ?
Fluoroquinolones due to secondary theophylline toxicosis
39
What type of immune response is suspected in eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy in dogs ?
Th2 response
40
True or false: Filaroides spp infections of the alveolar spaces and terminal bronchioles can result in superinfection in some immunosuppressed dogs
True
41
True or false: Crenosoma vulpis can also provoke signs of the upper respiratory tract in dogs
True
42
Why is non cardiogenic pulmonary edema more refractory to treatment ?
Because of the impairment of essential active NaCl transport of the epithelial cells
43
What virus has been implicated as a cause of nasopharyngeal inflammatory polyp in cats ?
Calicivirus
44
Which nerves innervate laryngeal muscles ?
The caudal laryngeal nerve (from the recurrent laryngeal nerve) innervates all but one innervated by the cranial laryngeal nerve
45
Is temporary tracheostomy before surgery a negative prognostic factor in the dog ?
Yes
46
With what type of respiratory disease has been strongly correlated paradoxical breathing pattern ?
Pleural space diseases
47
What is strongly correlated with cranial lung lobe herniation?
Dynamic intrathoracic airway collapse
48
What are the three criteria for the diagnosis of chronic bronchitis in dogs ?
Cough lasting >2months Hypersecretion of mucus Exclusion of other cardiopulmonary diseases
49
What pathogen's presence has been associated with eosinophilic bronchopneumopathy compared to chronic bronchitis ?
Bordetella bronchoseptica
50
What is the most common cause of spontaneous pneumothorax in cats ?
Feline asthma
51
What specific lesion can be seen on thoracic US in case of angiostrongylosis?
Small hypoechoic subpleural nodules (100% sensitive, 92% specific)
52
Which breed is predisposed to chylothorax with or without lung lobe torsion ?
Afghan hound
53
Name 1 condition associated with trapped lung
Chylothorax in cats leading to fibrosing/constrictive pleuritis
54
What is gate keeping ?
The coordination of respiration and swallow
55
When do most occur swallows in dogs ?
During the inspiratory phase

ECVIM - Ca (10 decks)

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