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finals > Immunology and Serology: 5.2 Viruses > Flashcards

Immunology and Serology: 5.2 Viruses Flashcards

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1
Q

This is a viral escape mechanism where the virus produces a new viral antigens.

A

Genetic mutations

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2
Q

CMV and HIV reduces the expression of class I MHC to be less recognized by CTLs is an example of what mechanism of the virus

A

Suppressing immune system

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3
Q

Virus integrating their nucleic acid into the genome of the infected cells (e.g. CMV, VZV, HIV)

A

Latency

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4
Q

What are other viruses that can cause liver inflammation but only secondary to other disease processes

A

CMV, EBV, HSV

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5
Q

This antibody promotes phagocytosis of viruses through opsonization and ADCC

A

IgG

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6
Q

The main source of transmission of this hepatitis virus is IV drug use.

A

HCV

major vehicle of transmission is blood transfusion

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7
Q

What are the hepa viruses that can be transmitted through blood transfusion?

A

HBV, HCV, HDV

BCD

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8
Q

The only hepa virus that does not progress to chronic state

A

HAV

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9
Q

Hepa viruses that can be transmitted through sexual contact

A

HBV, HDV

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10
Q

In hepatitis A what is the primary marker used to detect acute hepatitis

A

IgM Anti-HAV

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11
Q

What is the molecular method/s used to detect RNA virus like most of hepa subtypes?

A

RT-PCR and qPCR

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12
Q

In HEV, what is the recommended tests for immunocompromised persons with negative antibody test?

A

Molecular Tests

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13
Q

This is the gold standard for diagnosis of acute HEV

A

qPCR

(Quantitative PCR)

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14
Q

What are the hepa virus types where recovery is self-limifting

A

HAV, HEV

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15
Q

This is a HCV Serological Marker done in low risk patients to confirm HCV exposure

A

HCV RIBA

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16
Q

Hepatitis C marker present in both acute and chronic infection

A

Anti-HCV

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17
Q

Hepa C marker which confirms persistence of HCV infection detected by amplification techniques.

A

HCV RNA

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18
Q

What is the confirmatory test for HCV

A

NAT

(Nucleic Acid Testing)

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19
Q

POCT for HCV

A

Rapid Immunoblot Assay

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20
Q

The most common genotype of HCV

A

Genotype 1

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21
Q

What does the HBV lipid enveloe contain which surrounds an inner nucleocapsid

A

HBsAg

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22
Q

double-shelled, 42nm sphered virion is characteristic of what virus

A

HBV

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23
Q

True or False. HBV is a double stranded DNA virus.

A

True

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24
Q

This is a HBV serological marker of infectivity and is also used to monitor treatment effectivity.

A

HBe

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25
what is the 1st antibody produced in HBV infections and is only detected during a window period?
Anti-HBc
26
This is the first atibody seen in convalescence period in HBV.
Anti-HBe
27
this is also known as hidden antigen phase or anti-core window
Window Period
28
window period is useful in cases such as?
1. neonatal infections 2. fulminant hepa
29
In the incubation epriod what is the only marker seen?
HBsAg
30
In chronic active cases, HBe Ag is present along with HBsAg and Total anti-HBc? True or False.
True
31
indicates current or recent acute infection
IgM anti-HBc
32
What are the sero markers only present in chronic active HBV infxn?
1. Total anti-HBc 2. HBsAg 3. HBeAg
33
What sero markers are detected during **chronic carrier** phase of HBV infxn?
1.Total anti-HBc 2. HBSAg 3. Anti-HBe
34
The only sero marker present in incubation period in HBV infxn
HBsAg
35
two molecular tests for HBV
qPCR and bDNA | qPCR - method of choice
36
Hepa virus subtype where ICT is used as one of its immunoassay testing
HEV | only subtype where CLIA may not be performed (based on ppt/HDV)
37
Two ways where HDV infection can occur
1. co-infection 2. superinfection | 1. (pos for **anti-HDV + *IgM* anti-HBC**) 2. (pos for **anti-HDV and *I
38
Site of latency of EBV
B-cell
39
Primary target cell of CMV
Monocyte, lymphocyte, epithelial cells
40
What are the HHVs in which their site of latency is the Neuron
HSV1, HSV2, VZV
41
What are the HHVs in which their site of latency is the T cells?
HHV6 and HHV7
42
Target cell of HHV-8
Lymphocyte and other cells
43
Target cell of HSV1, HSV2, VZV?
Muco-epithelial cells
44
This is transmitted by close-contact, transfusions, and tissue transplant
HHV-4 (EBV) | Epstein-Barr Virus
45
The disease caused by this HHV subtype is Kaposi's Sarcoma, and primary effusion lymphoma
HHV 8
46
HHV that causes *Pityriasis rosea*
HHV-7
47
causes IM, Burkitt's lymphoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma
HHV-4 EBV
48
HHV that is transmited through saliva and causes disease such as IM like syndrome, retinitis
HHV-5 (CMV) | Cytomegalovirus
49
HSV 1 and 2 can remain dormant in ____ after initial infxn.
nerve ganglia
50
This is one of the early acute phase antigens of EBV wherein it is produced during the initial stages of viral replication in the lytic cycle.
EAs
51
This are antibodies associated with IM, are IgM antibodies produced-polyclonel B-cell activation. Capable with reacting with horse, sheep, and bovine RBCs, present during acute phase of illness.
Heterophile antibodies
52
Gold standard for EBV
EBV-specific antibodies tests
53
Rapid slide agglutination test for heterophile antibodies
Monospot
54
Incubating serial dilutions of patient's serum with sheep RBC
Paul-Bunnell test
55
an important infectious agent associated with organ transplantation
CYTOMEGALOVIRUS
56
HHV that is also the common cause of congenital infections
CYTOMEGALOVIRUS
57
CMV can be reactivated at a later time. True or False.
True
58
this is a widely used method for direct identification of CMV
CMV antigenemia assay
59
This is a highly contagious illness characterized by a blister-like rash with intense itching and fever
chickenpox
60
reactivation of VZV, where virus moves down the sensory nerve to the dermatome, where eruption of painful vesiculars occur
shingles
61
definitive diagnosis of VZV
vesicular lesions
62
Reference method for VZV antibody, but requires live virus-infected cells
FAMA | Fluorescent antibody to membrane antigen
63
Mode of transmission for this virus is direct contact with aerosolized droplets
Rubeola
64
Clinical symptom of this virus is Parotitis
Mumps
65
Clinical symptom for this virus is erthyematous, macupapular rash
Rubella
66
Human T-cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 and 2 mode of transmission are ________.
bloodborne, sexual contact, breastfeeding
67
Human T-cell Lymphotropic type where most infected individuals are asymptomatic
Type 2
68
Structural genes of Human T-cell lymphotropic virus Type 1 that codes for viral enzymes
Pol
69
codes for viral proteins in HT-cell LV Type 1
Gag
70
Disease caused is ATLL or adult t-cell lymphoma
HTCLV Type 1

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