Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

MLSP > IMMUNOLOGY, SEROLOGY, AND BLOOD BANKING > Flashcards

IMMUNOLOGY, SEROLOGY, AND BLOOD BANKING Flashcards

(76 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

study of immune system (prevents
the establishment if infection in the body)

A

IMMUNOLOGY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Study of molecules, cells, tissue, organs, and
systems whose function is to recognize and dispose
harmful substances or foreign substances
• Study of desirable and undesirable consequences of
the immune system

A

IMMUNOLOGY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

study of antigen-antibody reactions
• Study of non-cellular component of the blood called
SERUM

A

SEROLOGY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Samples used in serological test:

A
  • Serum – most commonly used
  • CSF
  • Urine
  • Stool
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Also known as FOREIGN SUBSTANCES
• Stimulate the immune system [once it has entered
the body]

A

ANTIGEN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

• Substances that induce or elicit an immune
response

• Substances that induce or elicit the production of
antibodies

A

ANTIGEN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Also knowns as IMMUNOGLOBULINS

A

ANTIBODIES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

• One of the major substances produced by the
immune system that will block harmful antigen
o Find a specific antigen, bind to it, and then
destroy it

A

ANTIBODIES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

ANTIBODIES Functions

A
  • Cell toxicity [destroy infectious agent]
  • Neutralization
  • Opsonization
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
  • Antigens involved are particulate
  • Clumping of reactants in serological test
A

Agglutination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q
  • Antigens involved are soluble antigens
  • Liquid form or formation of sediments in the
    mixture
A

Precipitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

OVERVIEW OF SEROLOGICAL TEST

A

Agglutination and Precipitation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

DIFFERENT SEROLOGICAL TESTS

A

VDRL – VENEREAL DISEASE RESEARCH LABORATORY TESTING
ELISA – ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSAY
RAPID PLASMA REAGIN
FLUORESCENT IMMUNOASSAY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

• Only use for screening for syphilis, uses heated
serum
• Principle; flocculation

A

VDRL – VENEREAL DISEASE RESEARCH
LABORATORY TEST

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

• Also known as Enzyme immunoassay
• Measures enzymatic reactions
• Uses enzymes as labels
o These are produced enzymes that are
manufactured reagents to create color
reaction
o They are more specific than regular
serological tests but more prone to
contamination.

A

ELISA – ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

ELISA – ENZYME LINKED IMMUNOSORBENT ASSA

Enzyme labels:

A
  • Highly stable
  • Extreme specificity
  • Cannot be altered inhibitors
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

• Only use for screening for syphilis, uses unheated
serum
• Principle: flocculation

A

RAPID PLASMA REAGIN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

• Uses fluorescent compounds known as
fluorophores or fluorochrome as labels

A

FLUORESCENT IMMUNOASSAY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

• Uses radioactive substances as label

A

RADIOIMMUNOASSAY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

IMMUNITY

A

NATURAL IMMUNITY and ACQUIRED IMMUNITY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

• The condition of being resistant to infection
• The recognition of foreign substances and
subsequent production of antibodies to these
substances

A

IMMUNITY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

• Can be classified as either innate or acquired
- Innate or natural immunity
- Acquired or adaptive immunity

A

IMMUNITY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

• Innate or non-adaptive or non-specific
• Ability of an individual to resist infections by means
of normally present body functions
- Without the aid of vaccination, medications,
etc.
- White blood cells, proteins that have natural
immunity, skin.
• Present at birth

A

NATURAL IMMUNITY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

type of ACQUIRED IMMUNITY

A

Adaptive or specific

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
a reaction resulting from invasion of foreign substances - Results from surviving an infection from a foreign substance
Adaptive or specific
26
types of Adaptive or specific
Active and passive
27
types of active
Natural Active and Artificial Active
28
(the source of that is an infection; being exposed then immune)
Natural Active
29
(vaccine) - This is when the body is involved in producing antibodies
Artificial Active
30
(mother’s breastmilk: maternal source)
Natural Passive
31
(commercially prepared; medical-grade; blood donation) - The body is supplied with antibodies; the body is given an already-made antibody (from an outside source)
Artificial Passive
32
• Refers to the collection, processing, typing and storage of whole blood and other blood products • Also known as Immunohematology
BLOOD BANKING
33
• Study of immunologic principles applied in blood group specific antigen and antibodies • It also deals with mechanism of blood typing and crossmatching, detection and measurement of antibody titers, screening of donors for blood donation, bleeding techniques, proper labeling, storing and disposal of blood emphasis on quality assurance
BLOOD BANKING
34
types of blood typing
Forward or Direct Typing and Reverse or Back Typing
35
- Detection of antigens on patients RBC using known commercial anti-sera
Forward or Direct Typing
36
- Detection of antibodies in serum of patient with known commercial RBCs suspension - To check if the blood type of the forward is correct
Reverse or Back Typing
37
• Purpose: - Ensure the safety of the donor o If he is safe and capable to donate 450mL of blood o If he is ready to donate blood - Ensure the safety of the recipient o Ensuring that the donor is free from infection that can be transmitted to recipient
BLOOD DONOR SCREENING
38
FOUR TYPES OF BLOOD DONATION
Allogenic Donation Apheresis Donation Autologous Donation Directed Donation
39
SIX STEPS IN DONOR SCREENING AND COLLECTION
• Registration • Health or Medical history • Physical examination • Phlebotomy [like venipuncture; testing the blood for any blood-borne disease] • Post-donation care • Serological Testing of donor’s blood
40
vital information must contain:
- Name - Address - Telephone number - Date and Time of collection - Gender and Birthdate - Age
41
– average amount of blood to be transfused
450 mL
42
average volume of blood in the body
5-6L
43
the fluid loss can be replenish
4 days
44
the iron loss can be replenish
56 days
45
replace or produce or to take the lifespan of red blood cell
120 days
46
You must verify the donor’s identity by asking for ___________
VALID ID
47
5 types of PHYSICAL EXAMINATION in blood transfusions
Weight, Temperature, Blood Pressure, Pulse Rate, Hemoglobin and Hematocrit
48
- Minimum weight requirement
50kgs/110lbs
49
There should be __________to be donated
10.5 mL/kg
50
- Maximum amount of blood for blood bag is
525mL
51
Anticoagulant present is
63mL
52
Required temperature is
not >37° or 99.5°F
53
Blood Pressure not <180mmHg
Systole
54
blood pressure not <100mmHg
Diastole
55
- Use the index finger or the middle finger or both - Count in 1 full minute
Pulse Rate
56
Pulse Rate Normal Value
50-100 or 60-100bpm
57
is the oxygen carrying capacity of the blood;
Hemoglobin
58
the volume of RBC
Hematocrit
59
Standard Method:
cyanmethemoglobin
60
Screening Test
Copper Sulfate Solution
61
(t or f) - If the blood SINK within 15 seconds: >12.5g/dL (ACCEPT) - If the blood FLOAT within 15 seconds: <12.5g/dL (DEFER)
true
62
COMPONENT PREPARATION AND THERAPY
Whole Blood Components Closed System Open System
63
blood collected before separation into components
Whole Blood
64
parts of whole blood that are separated
Components
65
a sterile system of blood collection
Closed System
66
when the collection is exposed to air, decreasing expiration date
Open System
67
- Fresh whole blood cells - Stored: 1-6°C - Transport: 1-10°C (place inside the ice box)
Whole Blood
68
- Stored: 1-6°C - Transport: 1-10°C (place inside the ice box)
Red Blood Cells
69
- Stored 20-24°C (room temperature with constant agitation) - Important to have this constant agitation so that the platelets will not clump
Platelets
70
(plasma that is freshly separated from whole blood) - Stored: 1-6°C - Transfused within 24 hours
Fresh Frozen Plasma
71
- Stores: -18°C for 1 year
Cryoprecipitate
72
- Stored: -18°C
Plasma and Liquid Plasma
73
• 2 methods: - Intermittent: 1 Vein - Continuous: 2 Veins • Anticoagulant: Heparin • Advantages: - Large volume of blood - Removal of unwanted substances
APHERESIS
74
• Collection of platelets by apheresis while returning the RBCs, WBCs, and component plasma
PLATELET APHERESIS
75
• Removal of PMNs, basophils, eosinophils for transfusion into patients whole PMNs are ineffective or where traditional therapy has failed
LEUKAPHERESIS
76
• Collection of blood plasma by apheresis while returning the RBCs, WBCs, and platelet
PLASMAPHERESIS

MLSP (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions