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MLSP > LESSON 1 LAB SAFETY > Flashcards

LESSON 1 LAB SAFETY Flashcards

1
Q
  • Authorized to conduct on on-site inspections to
    determine whether an employer is complying
    with the mandatory standards (Bishop, 2013)
  • Organization that encompasses all workplace
    area (not just laboratories)
  • Philippines: Department of Labor and
    Employment and Department of Health
  • Most of their policies are being used by the
    agencies here in the Philippines
A

OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
ADMINISTRATION (OSHA)

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2
Q

• Bloodborne Pathogen Standard
• Formaldehyde Standard
• Laboratory Standard
• Hazard Communication Standard
• Respiratory Protection Standard Air
• Contaminants Standard
• Personal Protective Equipment Standar

A

Standards that regulate safety in the laboratory:

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3
Q
  • provides excellent general laboratory safety and
    infection control guidelines
  • more specific in procedures
  • step by step laboratory procedures
A

CLINICAL LABORATORY STANDARDS
INSTITUTE (CLSI)

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4
Q
  • Standard System for the Identification of the Fire
    Hazards of Materials, (NFPA 704)
A

NATIONAL FIRE PROTECTION
ASSOCIATION (NFPA)

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5
Q

Health Hazard

A

blue diamond

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6
Q

Fire hazard

A

red diamond

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7
Q

specific hazard

A

white diamond

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8
Q

reactivity

A

yellow diamond

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9
Q
  • All Patients are considered possible carriers of
    bloodborne pathogens (HIV and HBV)
  • Wearing gloves when collecting/ handling blood
    and body fluids visibly contaminated with blood
  • Wearing face shields when in danger of splashing
    blood and body fluids contaminated with blood - Doesn’t include urine and fluids not visibly
    contaminated with blood
  • First set of guidelines on how to approach
    patients and specimens
A

Universal Precautions (1987)

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10
Q
  • Considers all body fluids and moist body
    substances to be potentially infectious
  • Does not recommend handwashing after
    removal of gloves
A

Body Substance Isolation Guidelines (1987)

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11
Q
  • Combines aspects of Universal Precautions and
    Body Substance Isolation Guidelines
  • Way of handling the patients
A

Standard Precautions (1996)

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12
Q
  • Accreditation of Clinical Laboratories (US)
A

THE JOINT COMMISSION

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13
Q
  • Development of policies regarding laboratory
    safety
  • Accreditation of Clinical Laboratories
  • International Organization for Standardization
    (ISO) also inspects clinical laboratories in the
    Philippines
A

DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH (PHILIPPINES)

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14
Q

Guidelines in laboratory setting

STANDARD PRECAUTIONS (CDC, 1996)

A

Handwashing,
gloves,

Masks, Goggles, and Face Shields

➢ Laboratory Gown

➢ Occupational Health ➢ Patient Care Equipment
➢ Environmental Control
➢ Linen
➢ Patient Placement

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15
Q

o Before patient contact
o When gloves are removed
o Before leaving the work area
o At any time when they have been
knowingly contaminated
o Before going to designated break areas
o Before and after using bathroom
facilities

A

➢ Handwashing

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16
Q

o worn to protect the health care worker’s
hands from contamination by patient
body substances and to protect the
patient from possible microorganisms
on the health care worker’s hands.
o NOT a substitute for hand washing
o Latex allergy in patients

A

Gloves

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17
Q

o Masks are worn to protect against
inhalation of droplets containing
microorganisms from infective patients.
o Masks and goggles are worn to protect
the mucous membranes of the mouth,
nose, and eyes from splashing of body
substances
o Face shields also protect the mucous
membranes from splashes.

A

➢ Masks, Goggles, and Face Shields

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18
Q

o worn to protect the clothing and skin of
health care workers from contamination
by patient body substances and to
prevent the transfer of microorganisms
out of patient rooms.
o tie in the back at the neck and the waist
and have tightfitting cuffs

A

Laboratory Gown

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19
Q

o Never recap used needles using both
hands
o Place used disposable syringes and
needles, scalpel blades, and other sharp
items in appropriate puncture resistant
containers

A

Occupational Health

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20
Q
  • requires all employers to have a written
    Bloodborne Pathogen Exposure Control Plan and
    to provide necessary protection, free of charge
    for employees
A

OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health
Administration)

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21
Q

Components of the OSHA Bloodborne Pathogen
Standard

o Providing sharps disposal containers and
needles with safety devices.
o Requiring discarding of needles with the
safety device activated and the holder
attached
o Labeling all biohazardous materials and
containers

A

Engineering Controls

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22
Q

Components of the OSHA Bloodborne Pathogen
Standard o Requiring all employees to practice
Standard Precautions.
o Prohibiting eating, drinking, smoking,
and applying cosmetics in the work area.
o Establishing a daily work surface
disinfection protocol.

A

Work Practice Controls

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23
Q

Components of the OSHA Bloodborne Pathogen
Standard o Providing laboratory coats, gowns, face
shields, and gloves to employees and
laundry facilities for non-disposable
protective clothing

A

Personal Protective Equipment

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24
Q

Components of the OSHA Bloodborne Pathogen
Standard

o Providing immunization for the hepatitis
B virus free of charge.
o Providing medical follow-up to
employees who have been accidentally
exposed to bloodborne pathogens.

A

Medical

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25
Q

Components of the OSHA Bloodborne Pathogen
Standard
o Documenting annual training of
employees in safety standards.
o Documenting evaluations and
implementation of safer needle devices.
o Involving employees in the selection and
evaluation of new devices and
maintaining a list of those employees
and the evaluations.
o Maintaining a sharps injury log including
the type and brand of safety device,
location, and description of the incident,
and confidential employee follow-up.

A

Documentation

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26
Q
  • Any accidental exposure to blood through
    needlestick, mucous membranes, or nonintact
    skin must be reported to a supervisor and a
    confidential medical examination must be
    started immediately
  • Evaluation of the incident must begin
    immediately to ensure appropriate
    postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) is initiated
    within 24 hours.
A

Postexposure Prophylaxis

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27
Q

Color Coding of Waste Containers (from DOH)

Non-infectious dry waste

A

black

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28
Q

Color Coding of Waste Containers (from DOH) Non-infectious wet waste (kitchen, dietary, etc.)

A

Green

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29
Q

Color Coding of Waste Containers (from DOH) Infectious and pathological waste

A

Yellow

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30
Q

Color Coding of Waste Containers (from DOH)

Chemical waste including those with heavy metals

A

Yellow with
black band

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31
Q

Color Coding of Waste Containers (from DOH) Radioactive waste

A

Orange

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32
Q

Color Coding of Waste Containers (from DOH)

Sharps (needles and glasswares) and pressurized
containers

A

Red

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33
Q
  • describes hazards, safe handling, storage, and
    disposal of hazardous chemicals.
A

Safety Data Sheet (SDS)

34
Q

Source- Infectious agents

POSSIBLE INJURY- Bacterial, fungal, viral, or
parasitic infections

A

biological

35
Q

Needles, lancets, and
broken glass

Cuts, punctures, or
bloodborne pathogen
exposure

A

Sharp

36
Q

Preservatives and reagents

Exposure to poisonous, caustic, or carcinogenic agents

A

chemical

37
Q

Equipment and radioisotopes

Damage to a fetus or generalized overexposure to
radiation

A

Radioactive

38
Q

Ungrounded or wet equipment and frayed cords

Burns or shock

A

Electrical

39
Q

Open flames and organic chemicals

Burns or dismemberment

A

Fire/Explosive

40
Q

Wet floors, heavy boxes, and patients

Falls, sprains, or strains

A

Physical

41
Q
  • refers to biological substances that pose a threat
    to the health of living organisms, primarily that
    of humans.
  • contain any of the four microorganism - virus,
    bacteria, fungi, parasite
  • laboratory specimens
A

BIOHAZARDS

42
Q

o Consist of bacteria, fungi, parasites, and
viruses.

A

Infectious Agent

43
Q

▪ Early detection and treatment of
infectious agents.

A

Breaking the Chain:

44
Q

o A place where the infectious agent can live and possibly multiply.
o Ideal ______: Humans and Animals (they do not exhibit symptoms)
o Equipment and other soiled objects (fomites)

A

Reservoir

45
Q

▪ Disinfecting the work area kills the infectious agent and eliminates the reservoir.

A

Breaking the Chain

46
Q

o A way to exit the reservoir to continue the chain of infection
o Nose, mouth, and mucous membranes and in blood or other body fluids

A

Portal of Exit

47
Q

▪ Disposing of needles and lancets
in sealed sharps containers
▪ Disposing of contaminated
materials in biohazard
containers
▪ Keeping tubes and sample
containers sealed.

A

Breaking the Chain:

48
Q

unprotected host touches or is touched by the reservoir

A

Direct contact

49
Q

the host inhales material from the reservoir such as aerosol droplets from an infected person (too large to
remain suspended in the air

A

Droplet

50
Q

inhalation of dried aerosol nuclei circulating on air currents or attached to dust particle (usually for
viruses; too small to remain suspended in the air)

A

Airborne

51
Q

ingestion of contaminated food or water

A

Vehicle

52
Q

parasites such as malaria transmitted by a mosquito bite (transportation of microorganism)

A

Vector

53
Q

the means of transmission can be an accidental
needlestick.

A

phlebotomist

54
Q

▪ Hand washing
▪ Standard Precautions
▪ Transmission-based precautions

A

Breaking the Chain:

55
Q

o Means to enter the reservoir
o Nose, mouth, mucous membranes, and open wounds.

A

Portal of Entry

56
Q

▪ Disinfection and sterilization
▪ Strict adherence to Standard precautions and transmission-based precautions

A

Breaking the Chain

57
Q

o Can be another patient or the health health-care provider.
o Ideal ________: Patients (they are immunocompromised)

A

Susceptible Host

58
Q

▪ Observation of special precautions when working in the nursery and in isolation rooms designated for protection of susceptible patients.
▪ Immunizations
▪ Maintenance of a healthy lifestyle is very important for the health -care worker.

A

Breaking the Chain

59
Q
  • an infection acquired by a patient during a hospital stay.
  • Reasons: Unsanitary conditions and immunocompromised patients
A

Nosocomial/Healthcare Acquired Infections

60
Q
  • refers to an infection acquired by a patient as the
    result of a health care procedure that may or
    may not require a hospital stay.
A

Health care acquired infection (HAI)

61
Q
  • Including needles, lancets, and broken glassware
  • Serious biological hazard for possible exposure
    to bloodborne pathogens caused by accidental
    puncture
  • When handling needles, NEVER manually recap
    one-handed
  • Needle safety devices must be activated before
    disposing of the entire blood collection
    assembly.
A

SHARPS HAZARDS

62
Q
  • Puncture-resistant, leak-proof containers
    labeled with the biohazard symbol.
  • Containers should be located in close proximity
    to the phlebotomist’s work area.
A

Disposal of Sharps

63
Q
  • When skin or eye contact occurs, the best first
    aid is to:
    o Flush the area immediately with water
    for at least 15 minutes and then seek medical attention
    o Know the location of and how to use the
    emergency shower and eyewash station
    in the laboratory
    o Safety Showers
A

CHEMICAL HAZARDS

64
Q

30-50 gal/minute at 20-50 psi

A

Safety Showers

65
Q

Disinfect the spill site using approved
disinfectant

A

10% bleach,

66
Q

o Works like an exhaust fan
o For chemical reagents only

A

Chemical Fume Hoods

67
Q

o For opening specimens
o Any airborne contaminants will be pushed down to filter out microorganism

A

Biosafety Cabinets

68
Q
  • Encountered in the clinical laboratory when
    procedures using radioisotopes, such as
    radioimmunoassay, are performed.
  • Exposure to radiation during pregnancy presents
    a danger to the fetus, and personnel who are or
    who think they may be pregnant should avoid
    areas with this symbol.
A

RADIOACTIVE HAZARDS

69
Q
  • Electrical cords should be checked regularly for
    fraying and replaced
  • All sockets should be checked for electrical
    grounding and leakage at least annually.
  • No extension cords should be used in the
    laboratory
A

ELECTRICAL HAZARDS

70
Q

FIRE TYPE: _____
COMPOSITION OF FIRE: Wood, paper, or clothing
TYPE OF FIRE EXTINGUISHER: _______
EXTINGUISHING MATERIAL: Water

A

Class A

71
Q

FIRE TYPE:_______
COMPOSITION OF FIRE: Flammable organic chemicals
TYPE OF FIRE EXTINGUISHER: _______
EXTINGUISHING MATERIAL: Dry chemicals, carbon
dioxide, foam, or Halon

A

Class B

72
Q

FIRE TYPE:_______
COMPOSITION OF FIRE: Electrical
TYPE OF FIRE EXTINGUISHER: ______
EXTINGUISHING MATERIAL: Dry chemicals, carbon
dioxide, or Halon

A

Class C

73
Q

FIRE TYPE:______
COMPOSITION OF FIRE: Combustible metals
TYPE OF FIRE EXTINGUISHER: _______
EXTINGUISHING MATERIAL: Sand or dry powder
Dry chemicals

A

Class D
None Class ABC

74
Q

FIRE TYPE: ______
COMPOSITION OF FIRE: Grease, oils, fats
TYPE OF FIRE EXTINGUISHER: _______
EXTINGUISHING MATERIAL: Liquid designed to
prevent splashing and cool the fire

A

Class K

75
Q

PASS

A

Pull, Aim, Squeeze, sweep

76
Q

RACE

A

Rescue, Alarm, Contain, extinguish/evacuate

77
Q

• Avoid running in rooms and hallways.
• Be alert for wet floors.
• Bend the knees when lifting heavy objects or
patients.
• Keep long hair tied back and remove dangling
jewelry to avoid contact with equipment and
patients.
• Wear comfortable, closed toe shoes with
nonskid soles that provide maximum su

A

PHYSICAL HAZARDS

78
Q

Cleaning Reagents

A

1:10 dilution of chlorine bleach

70% Ethanol solution
• 5% Phenolic Solution (Lysol)

79
Q
  • Safety carriers should always be used to
    transport glass bottles of acids, alkalis, or organic
    solvents in volumes larger than 500 mL,
  • Approved safety cans should be used for storing,
    dispensing, or disposing of flammables in
    volumes greater than 1 quart
  • Steel safety cabinets with self-closing doors or
    explosion proof refrigerators
A

Chemical Storage

80
Q
  • Manufacturers of laboratory chemicals
  • All in-house prepared reagents and solutions
    should be labeled in a standard manner and
    include the
    o chemical identity
    o concentration
    o hazard warning
    o special handling
    o storage conditions
    o date prepared
    o expiration date (if applicable)
    o preparer’s initials.
A

Signage and Labelling

MLSP (14 decks)

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