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MLSP > OTHER NON-BLOOD SPECIMENS > Flashcards

OTHER NON-BLOOD SPECIMENS Flashcards

1
Q

• To evaluate fertility and post vasectomy
procedures
• Abstain from sexual activity for 3 days and not
longer than 5 days before collecting the sample

A

semen

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2
Q

(t or f)
semen

• Collected at the laboratory in a warm sterile
container
- Collected by the male patient [not the doctor,
not the medical technologist]
- Our responsibility as medtech is to provide
instruction

A

true

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3
Q

• Test we do for semen
• Record the time of sample collection, and the
sample receipt, on the requisition form because certain parameters of the semen analysis are based
on specimen life span

A

SEMENALYSIS

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4
Q
  • The time that the semen is placed on the
    sample container must be recorded
  • We have to actually wait 1 hour at minimum
    from collection before testing it [semen is a
    very viscous fluid, semen will exhibit
    liquefaction (nagiging malabnaw ang semen)
    and makes it easier to handle]
A

SEMENALYSIS

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5
Q

• Kept at 37 degree Celsius [incubators meant for
microbiology]

  • Fructose and prostaglandins content
  • Must view under microscope (to see sperm)
  • We really do not manually count to the millions;
    we use glassware such as counting chambers
    [use formulas to get millions]
A

SEMENALYSIS

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6
Q

• Surrounds the brain and spinal cord to supply
nutrients to the nervous tissue
- Originate at the central nervous system
- Middleman of CNS and blood vessels [BV
doesn’t attach to the tissues in the CNS, there is
a blood-brain barrier]

A

CEREBROSPINAL FLUID (CSF)

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7
Q

• Produce a barrier to cushion the brain and
spinal cord against trauma
• Routinely collected by lumbar puncture [inserting
of needle; serves as tract (gripo)] between the third,
fourth, or fifth lumbar
vertebrae

A

CEREBROSPINAL FLUID (CSF)

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8
Q

the who will will collect
CSF

A

Physician

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9
Q

Clear and colorless
- To diagnose meningitis, subdural hemorrhage, and
other neurological disorders

A

Normal CSF:

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10
Q

performed on CSF:
- Cell counts,
- Chemistry tests (chloride, glucose, total
protein)

A

Routine tests

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11
Q

(t or f)

• There should no red blood cell in CSF [subdural
hemorrhage, if there is rbc]
• WBC is normal, but should be in few amounts
only

A

true

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12
Q

• “Joint fluid”
• Clear, pale- yellow, viscous fluid that lubricates and
decreases friction in movable joint
- Allow movement without causing damage to the
bones
• Normally occurs in small amounts but increases when inflammation is present

A

SYNOVIAL FLUID

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13
Q

Collected by the doctor [puncture between the
joints;: arthrocentesis; usual site: knee]

A

SYNOVIAL FLUID

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14
Q

Collected in three tubes:

for cell counts, identification of crystals, and smear
preparation

A

EDTA or heparin tube

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15
Q

Collected in three tubes:

tube for culture and sensitivity

A

sterile tube

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16
Q

Collected in three tubes:

  • for macroscopic appearance,
    chemistry, and immunology tests and to
    observe clot formation
A

Non-additive tube

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17
Q

are microscopic tests for synovial fluid

A

Leukocyte count and neutrophils

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18
Q

[gout: increase in uric acid] [should not
see _______ in synovial fluid (normally)]

A

Crystals

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19
Q

• Pale-yellow, watery, serum-like fluid found between
the double-layered membranes enclosing the
pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities
[digestive organs; expand withour damaging each
other is because of the presence of serous fluid]
• Lubricates the membranes and allows them to slide
past one another with minimal friction [causing
minimal tissue damage]

A

SEROUS FLUID

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20
Q

• Normally present in small amounts, but volumes
increase when inflammation or infection is present
or when serum protein levels decrease
• Fluid that is collected by the physician

A

SEROUS FLUID

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21
Q

• Increase in fluid volume: EFFUSION
• Collected in: - EDTA tubes if cell cunts or smears are ordered
[microscopy]
- Heparin or sodium fluoride tubes for chemistry
tests [glucose, protein immunologic tests]
- Non-anticoagulant tubes for biochemical tests
- Sterile heparinized tubes for cultures

A

SEROUS FLUID

22
Q

body fluid
aspirated from the pleural space,
or cavity, surrounding the lungs

A

Pleural fluid

23
Q

body fluid:

aspirated from the abdominal cavity

A
  • Peritoneal fluid
24
Q

aspirated from the pericardial cavity surrounding the heart

A

Pericardial fluid

25
Q

• Clear, almost colorless to pale- yellow fluid that fills the membrane (amnion or amniotic sac) that surrounds and cushions a fetus in the uterus

A

AMNIOTIC FLUID

26
Q

• Preferably collected after 15 weeks of gestation
(pregnancy) and is obtained by a physician using a procedure called

A

transabdominal amniocentesis

27
Q

• Can be analyzed to detect genetic disorders such as
Down’s syndrome, identify hemolytic disease
resulting from blood incompatibility between the
mother and fetus, and determine gestational age

• Most common reasons: to detect problems in fetal
development and assess fetal lung maturity

A

AMNIOTIC FLUID

28
Q

• levels: used to estimate
gestational age of the developing fetus
• is normally sterile and must be
collected in a sterile container

  • Aluminum foil or carbon paper [alternative]
A

AMNIOTIC FLUID

29
Q

• The specimen should be protected from light to
prevent breakdown of bilirubin and delivered to the
laboratory ASAP
• Specimens from chromosome analysis must be kept
at room temperature
• Specimens for some chemistry tests must be kept
on ice (or refrigerator temperature)

A

AMNIOTIC FLUID

30
Q

• An antigen normally present in the human fetus
that is also found in amniotic fluid and maternal
serum

A

ALPHA-FETOPROTEIN (AFP)

31
Q

is initially performed on maternal
serum, and abnormal results are confirmed by
amniotic fluid ____testing
- Can also be seen in adults also, but in very small
amounts; marker for liver disorder

A

ALPHA-FETOPROTEIN (AFP)

32
Q

problems in fetal development (such as neural tube [pre-cursor to the brain and spinal cord] defects or the potential for Down’s syndrome)

A

Abnormal AFP levels

33
Q

• Can be assessed by measuring the amniotic fluid
levels of substances called ___________which act
as surfactants to keep the alveoli of the lungs
inflated
• Results are reported as a lecithin-to-sphingomyelin
(L/S) ratio

A

FETAL LUNG MATURITY, phospholipids

34
Q

• Lungs are most likely to be immature if the L/S ratio
is less than 2
• Amniotic fluid testing to assess fetal lung maturity
may be ordered on or near the patient’s due date
and is often ordered stat when the fetus is in
distress

A

FETAL LUNG MATURITY

35
Q

examines stomach contents for
abnormal substances and measures gastric acid
concentration to evaluate stomach acid production

A

Gastric analysis

36
Q

• Aspirating a sample of gastric fluid by means of a
tube passed through the mouth and throat
(oropharynx) or nose and throat (nasopharynx) into
the stomach after a period of fasting tested to
determine acidity prior to stimulation
• Fasting sample (patient should not have eaten for a
certain period of time)
• First collected

A

BASAL GASTRIC ANALYSIS

37
Q

• After the basal sample has been collected, a gastric
stimulant, commonly histamine or pentagastrin, is
administered intravenously and several more
gastric samples are collected at timed intervals
• All specimens are collected in sterile containers
• The role of the phlebotomist in this procedure:
- Help label specimens
- Draw blood for serum gastrin (a hormone that
stimulates gastric acid secretion)
determinations

A

BASAL GASTRIC ANALYSIS

38
Q

• Mucus or phlegm that is ejected from the trachea,
bronchi, and lungs through deep coughing

• For the diagnosis, or monitoring of lower
respiratory tract infections such as Tuberculosis (TB)

A

SPUTUM

39
Q

FYI: The microbe that causes TB

A

acid-fast bacillus (AFB),

40
Q

and the sputum test for TB is
often

A

AFB culture

41
Q

(t or f)
sputum test: A minimum of 3-5 mL is typically required for most
tests

A

true

42
Q

• A less invasive, painless alternative to blood
collection for obtaining cells for DNA analysis
• The phlebotomists collects the sample by gently
massaging the mouth on the inside of the cheek
with a special swab
- Swabs are included in DNA testing [sterile]

A

BUCCAL SWABS

43
Q

• DNA is later extracted from cells on a swab
• Often, these samples are collected for legal
purposes such as paternity testing: therefore, follow
strict COC protocol

A

BUCCAL SWABS

44
Q

• Fluid secreted by glands in mouth
• Used to monitor hormone levels and detect alcohol
and drug abuse (recent drug use)
- Marker for recent drug use

A

SALIVA

45
Q

specimens for hormone tests, however, are
typically frozen to ensure stability and sent to a
laboratory for testing
• The containers for this specimen has markers up
until where the specimen should be collected

A

SALIVA

46
Q

• Collected for trace an heavy metal analysis and the
detection of drugs of abuse
• Use of ______samples for drug testing is advantageous because hair is easy to obtain and cannot be easily altered or tampered with (unlike urine and saliva)

A

HAIR (AND NAILS)

47
Q

shows evidence of chronic drug use rather than
recent use
- Ample size is grams
- Scalp hair

A

hair

48
Q

• Collected and analyzed for hydrogen content in one
type of lactose tolerance tests and to detect the
presence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)
• Collected by the patient but assisted by a medical
technologist

A

BREATH

49
Q

• This test s based on the fact that H. pylori produces
urease, an enzyme that breaks down urea but is not
normally present in the stomach

A

C-UREA BREATH TEST (C-UBT)

50
Q

• Helps identify problems with the digestion of
carbohydrates such as lactose (milk sugar) and
fructose (fruit sugar) and is thought to be the most
accurate lactose tolerance test
• Can also be used to detect bacteria overgrowth in
the small intestine

A

HYDROGEN BREATH TEST

51
Q

• Tissue specimens from biopsies may also be sent to
the laboratory for processing
• Most tissue specimens arrive at the laboratory in
formalin or another suitable solution and need only
be accessioned and sent to the proper department

A

TISSUE SAMPLES

52
Q

• It is important for the phlebotomist to check the
procedure manual to determine the proper
handling for any unfamiliar specimen
- For example, tissues for genetic analysis should
not be put in formalin
• Improper handling can ruin a specimen from a
procedure that is, in all probability, expensive,
uncomfortable for the patient, and not easily
repeated

A

TISSUE SAMPLES

MLSP (14 decks)

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