Immunology/Vaccines

Question 0

What is a vaccine?

Answer 0

A preparation that contains and infectious agent administered to create an immune response that will protect from an illness

Question 1

What is immunology?

Answer 1

The process of rendering a subject immune or beck,ing immune by vaccination or exposure

Question 2

What are some advantages of vaccinating?

Answer 2

Immunity long lasting, creates a memory response, boosting immune responses, inexpensive, is controlled exposure

Question 3

Four necessities to be a vaccine.

Answer 3

Positively identify causative agent, immune response must protect against the disease, risk of vaccine must be lower than the risk of disease, should stimulate an immune response different than the disease response

Question 4

What is a killed vaccine?

Answer 4

Dead virus or bacteria or pieces of microorganisms that cause a response

Question 5

What is a subunit vaccine?

Answer 5

When only part of the microorganism is used

Question 6

What is a modified live vaccine?

Answer 6

Microorganism that undergoes a process to become less dangerous

Question 7

What is a live vaccine?

Answer 7

Full strength microorganisms given to not cause disease but still yield a response

Question 8

What is a heterologous vaccine?

Answer 8

Microorganisms that are similar to target organism but does not cause the disease

Question 9

What is a recombinant disease?

Answer 9

An unrelated organism that is injected with the DNA of the target organism to cause reshaping so it looks like the disease but does not cause disease

Question 10

Advantages of killed vaccines?

Answer 10

Safe in pregnant animals, easy to store, unlikely to cause disease

Question 11

Disadvantage of killed vaccines?

Answer 11

Less of an immune response that needs boosters

Question 12

Pros of modified live vaccines?

Answer 12

Strong immunity, economically friendly

Question 13

Disadvantages of micro live vaccines?

Answer 13

Capable of causing the disease, not safe in pregnant bitches, easily inactivate due to mishandling

Question 14

Rules of vaccinating?

Answer 14

Never vaccinate an unhealthy animal, vaccines take 2-4 weeks to reach protection, vaccines should be tailored to fit needs of the animals, Vaccines have side effects, most first vaccines need boosters, timing of vaccines depend on type of protection needed

Question 15

What does a fever do to a vaccine?

Answer 15

Eliminates the response and immunity

Question 16

Examples of side effects

Answer 16

Soreness at the site, lethargy, fever and joint pain, abscesses at the site, swelling and hives, tumors at the site, can cause the disease

Question 17

Are vaccines 100% effective?

Answer 17

NO!

Question 18

How are vaccines stored?

Answer 18

Refrigerated, unexposed to heat and sunlight, uncombined

Question 19

Most common routes of vaccination.

Answer 19

SQ and IM

Question 20

What route is used for vaccinating large groups?

Answer 20

Aerosolized

Question 21

How do you vaccinate fish?

Answer 21

Through water

Question 22

When is the first vaccine able to be given?

Answer 22

8 weeks of age

Question 23

What are the two core vaccines?

Answer 23

Distemper and rabies

Question 24

Symptoms of distemper?

Answer 24

Fever, cough, nasal discharge, encephalitis, neurological signs, hypercaritonic foot pad (rough foot pads), cns effects during later stages

Question 25

How do you treat distemper?

Answer 25

Viral infection---Can only treat symptoms with nutrition, antibiotics, fluids

Question 26

Describe process of vaccinating for distemper

Answer 26

Given at eight weeks. 2-3 series 3-4 weeks apart

Question 27

How is leptospirosis spread?

Answer 27

Bacterial infection--Urine, water and soil from wildlife-- ZOONOTIC

Question 28

Symptoms of lepto?

Answer 28

Kidney, liver and blood vessels disorders

Question 29

How many strains out of 250 strains of lepto is covered by the lepto vaccine?

Answer 29

4 strains

Question 30

How is lepto treated?

Answer 30

Antibiotics and supportive care

Question 31

This is the number one infectious disease in dogs.

Answer 31

Parvovirus "puppy killer"

Question 32

How is parvovirus spread?

Answer 32

Ingestion of feces

Question 33

Symptoms of parvovirus? (P)

Answer 33

Bloody diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, leukopenia, fever

Question 34

Which breeds are more susceptible to parvovirus?

Answer 34

Rottweiler, Doberman, Labrador, pit bull terrier

Question 35

What does distemper DAPP stand for?

Answer 35

Distemper, adenovirus, parainfluenza, parvovirus

Question 36

Signs of hepatitis? (A)

Answer 36

Fever, liver failure, bleeding problems, jaundice

Question 37

Symptoms of parainfluenza? (P)

Answer 37

Cough, fever, URI

Question 38

Signs of bordatella (trachrobronchitis)?

Answer 38

Coughing, gagging, fever

Question 39

How is Lyme disease spread?

Answer 39

Deer ticks

Question 40

How long must a tick be attached to cause Lyme?

Answer 40

36-48 hours

Question 41

What are the core feline vaccines?

Answer 41

FVRCP and rabies

Question 42

FVRCP: What is rhinotracheitis?

Answer 42

Feline herpes transmitted through mucus

Question 43

Signs of rhinotracheitis?

Answer 43

Upper respiratory infection-runny nose, watery eyes, fever, anorexia, lethargy

Question 44

FVRCP: what is calicvirus?

Answer 44

Another area of respiratory infection

Question 45

Signs of calicvirus?

Answer 45

ORAL ULCERATION, watery eyes, anorexia, runny nose

Question 46

FVRCP: signs of panleukopenia? (Feline distemper)

Answer 46

Diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, lethargic, anorexia, fever

Question 47

What does FVRCP stand for?

Answer 47

Feline viral, rhinotracheitis (herpes), calici virus, panleukopenia

Question 48

We're is the feline leukemia vaccine given?

Answer 48

Left rear

Question 49

How is the rhinotracheitis vaccine given?

Answer 49

SQ

Question 50

How is the calicivirus given?

Answer 50

SQ

Question 51

How is the panleukopenia vaccine given?

Answer 51

SQ

Question 52

When do you test a cat for feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)

Answer 52

Six months

Question 53

How is FIV transmitted?

Answer 53

Saliva

Question 54

How is the FIV vaccine given?

Answer 54

SQ

Question 55

What is feline infectious peritonitis? (FIP)

Answer 55

A fatal disease that is a mutated feline corona virus

Question 56

What are the two forms of FIP (feline infections peritonitis)

Answer 56

Dry form, non effusive, and wet form, effusive

Question 57

What are the signs of dry form FIP?

Answer 57

Organ Inflammatory masses, neurological signs, ocular lesions, (based on organs involved)

Question 58

What are signs of wet form FIP?

Answer 58

Protein like yellow liquid that accumulates in the abdomen

Question 59

How is FIP spread?

Answer 59

Fecal to oral

Question 60

How is FIP treated?

Answer 60

Its not, it's fatal--supportive care

Question 61

How effective is the FIP vaccine?

Answer 61

50-70%

Question 62

Another way to explain pan leukopenia virus?

Answer 62

Cat distemper

Question 63

How is feline leukemia spread?

Answer 63

Nose to nose direct contact

Question 64

Mild vaccine reaction symptoms.

Answer 64

Fever, pain, lethargy

Question 65

Moderate vaccine reaction

Answer 65

Facial edema, rash

Question 66

Severe drug reaction.

Answer 66

Can't breathe, high fever, die instantly, collapse, turn white, heart fast or too slow

Question 67

How do you treat vaccine reactions?

Answer 67

Antihistamine, steroid